2. 外语
  3. The ordinary family in colonial North America was primarily concerned with sheer (完全的, 纯粹的) physical survival and beyond that it

The ordinary family in colonial North America was primarily concerned with sheer (完全的, 纯粹的) physical survival and beyond that it

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问题     The ordinary family in colonial North America was primarily concerned with sheer (完全的, 纯粹的) physical survival and beyond that its own economic prosperity. Thus, children were valued in terms of their productivity, and they assumed the role of producer quite early. Until they fulfilled this role, their position in the structure of the family was one of subordination and their psychological needs and capacities received little consideration.
    As the society became more complex, the status of children in the family and in the society became more important. In the complex, technological society that the United States has become each member must fulfill a number of personal and occupational roles and be in constant contact with a great many other members. Consequently, viewing children as potentially acceptable and necessarily multifaceted (多方面的，多样化的) members of society means that they are regarded more as people in their own right than as utilitarian (功利主义的) organisms (社会成员). This acceptance of children as equal participants in the contemporary family is reflected in the variety of statutes protecting the rights of children and in the social and public welfare programs devoted exclusively to their well-being.
    This new view of children and the increasing contact between the members of society has also resulted in a surge (浪潮，波涛) of interest in child-rearing techniques. People today spend a considerable portion of their time conferring on the proper way to bring up children. It is now possible to influence the details of the socialization of another person’s child by spreading the gospel (经典，福音) of current and fashionable theories and methods of child rearing.
    The socialization of the contemporary child in the United States is a two-way transaction between parent and child rather than a one-way, parent-to-child training program. As a consequence, socializing children and living with them over a long period of time is for parents a mixture of pleasure, satisfaction, and problems.
What can be inferred from the passage about former schooling in colonial North America?
选项 A、It was generally required by law.
B、It was considered relatively unimportant.
C、It was improperly administered.
D、It was highly disciplined.
答案B
解析 本题是一道根据具体细节推断类题。问关于北美殖民地时期的教育我们可以从文章中推断出什么。利用查阅式阅读法，我们可以在文章的第一段中找到相关信息。这段指出，普通的北美殖民地时期的家庭主要关心的纯粹是其实际生存，另外是本身经济上的富足。因此，评价孩子是看他们从事生产的能力，所以，孩子们很早便承担起了生产劳动者的角色。他们在承担起生产劳动者的角色之前，在家庭结构中的地位是从属性的，其心理需要和能力并不受到多少重视。因此，我们可以推知，那时人们并不重视孩子的学校教育。所以，本题的正确答案应是B。
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