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  3. Whether the eyes are "the windows of the soul" is debatable; that they are intensely important in interpersonal communication is

Whether the eyes are "the windows of the soul" is debatable; that they are intensely important in interpersonal communication is

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问题     Whether the eyes are "the windows of the soul" is debatable; that they are intensely important in interpersonal communication is a fact. During the first two months of a baby’ s life, the stimulus that produces a smile is a pair of eyes. The eyes need not be real: a mask with two dots will produce a smile. Significantly, a real human face with eyes covered will not motivate a smile, nor will the sight of only one eye when the face is presented in profile. This attraction to eyes as opposed to the nose or mouth continues as the baby matures. In one study, when American four-year-olds were asked to draw people, 75 percent of them drew people with mouths, but 99 percent of them drew people with eyes. In Japan, however, where babies are carried on their mother’ s back, infants do not acquire as much attachment to eyes as they do in other countries. As a result, Japanese adults make little use of the face either to encode or decode meaning. In fact, Argyle reveals that the " proper place to focus one’ s gaze during a conversation in Japan is on the neck of one’ s conversation partner. "
    The role of eye contact in a conversational exchange between two Americans is well defined; speakers make contact with the eyes of their listeners for about one second, then glance away as they talk; in a few moments they re-establish eye contact with the listeners or reassure themselves that their audience is still attentive, then shift their gaze away once more. Listeners, meanwhile, keep their eyes on the face of the speaker, allowing themselves to glance away only briefly. It is important they be looking at the speaker at the precise moment when the speaker re-establishes eye contact: if they are not looking, the speaker assumes that they are disinterested and either will pause until eye contact is resumed or will terminate the conversation. Just how critical this eye maneuvering is to the maintenance of conversational flow becomes evident when two speakers are wearing dark glasses; there may be a sort a of traffic jam of words caused by interruption, false starts, and unpredictable pauses.
According to the passage, the Japanese fix their gaze on their conversation partner’ s neck because ______.
选项 A、they don’ t think it polite to have eye contact
B、they need not communicate through eye contact
C、they don’ t like to keep their eyes on the face of the speaker
D、they didn’ t have much opportunity to communicate through eye contact in babyhood
答案D
解析 第一段第八行提到，“在日本，婴儿通常被母亲背在背上，因此孩子们不像其他国家的孩子一样那么重视眼睛的作用。结果，日本的成年人也不经常用眼睛来表达和理解意思”。可见，日本人在交谈中会注视对方的颈部是因为他们在婴儿期间没有太多机会用眼睛交流。选项D正确。
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