首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
外语
Environmental asceticism has created a vogue for upgrading light-bulbs and tweaking thermostats (恒温器). But according to a new pi
Environmental asceticism has created a vogue for upgrading light-bulbs and tweaking thermostats (恒温器). But according to a new pi
admin
2012-07-05
96
问题
Environmental asceticism has created a vogue for upgrading light-bulbs and tweaking thermostats (恒温器). But according to a new piece of research, many of these actions—however virtuous—arise from faulty perceptions of energy savings.
Shahzeen Attari of Columbia University and her colleagues recruit 505 volunteers from across America. Each was asked to estimate the energy consumption of nine household devices as well as the energy savings incurred by six green activities. The researchers then compared the volunteers’ estimates with the actual energy requirements or savings in question.
Their results suggest that although people do grasp basic energy trends, they are decidedly hazy on the details. On average, participants underestimated both energy use and energy savings by a factor of 2. 8— mostly because they undervalued the requirements of large machines like heaters and clothes dryers. As a result, they failed to recognize the huge energy savings that can come from improving the efficiency of such appliances.
Miscalculations like these hinder conservation efforts. When asked to rank the single most effective way to save energy, participants typically endorsed activities with small savings, such as turning off lights, while ignoring what they could economize on larger devices. This suggests that people misallocate their efforts, fretting (烦恼) over an unattended lamp (at 100 watts) while neglecting the energy they could save by shifting their washer settings from "hot" to "warm" (4 000 watt-hours for each load of laundry).
A quirk (怪癖) of human psychology could help to explain these persistent underestimates. When calculating such things, people often adopt a familiar unit as a mental scale and then generate predictions based on that unit. As a side-effect, their estimates cluster too closely around the measure—a phenomenon called "anchoring."
This suggests an obvious criticism: by providing the light-bulb figure, the researchers primed their subjects to underestimate energy consumption. But the authors argue that rather than introducing a methodological flaw, they simply acknowledged a shared point of reference. When it comes to an accessible, quantitative measure of energy, consumers are uniquely familiar with the 100W bulb. As a result, Dr. Attari expects bulbs to exert an anchoring effect on the general population as well as on her volunteers, contributing to widespread underestimates of the energy demands of large appliances.
Why do people fail to realize the energy savings from improving the efficiency of appliances?
选项
A、Because they overlook the use of energy-saving appliances.
B、Because they don’t know the details of basic energy trends.
C、Because they underestimate the demands of highly energy-consuming appliances.
D、Because they tend to miscalculate the energy consumption of larger appliances.
答案
C
解析
推理判断题。定位句指出人们没能意识到通过提高电器的工作效率节约能源的原因,即人们低估了高能耗电器的用电需求,故答案为C)。
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/Pz57777K
0
大学英语四级
相关试题推荐
A、Onlythoseusedintheuniversity.B、Onlythoseprintedattheuniversity.C、Onlythosecurrentlyavailablefrompublishers.D
A、Tothemanager’soffice.B、Tothepaperbacksection.C、Tothetextbookarea.D、Tothepublishers’indexes.C细节题。当男士说需要一本关于总统选举
Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteacompositiononthetopic"TheComputer".Youshouldwriteatleast100word
Therearemany【B1】______aboutthebeginningofdramainancientGreece.Theonemostwidelyacceptedtodayisbasedontheassum
A、Three.B、Twenty-four.C、Twohundred.D、Eight.B该题考查对数字的捕捉情况。文中四个数字均出现过,而和language搭配是24,因此选择选项B。
A、Becausethespeakerwasanartist.B、Becauseshewasalwaysahard-workingstudent.C、Becausetheartist’spaintingsappealto
A、Guideandtourist.B、Salesmanandcustomers.C、Teacherandstudent.D、Engineerandcustomer.C对话中两个说话人的关系不是特别明显,从男士的第一句话来看,A项
Alandfreefromdestruction,pluswealth,naturalresources,andlaborsupply--allthesewereimportant【C1】______inhelpingEng
Whenonelooksbackuponthe1500yearsthatarethelifespanoftheEnglishlanguage,heshouldbeabletonoticeanumberof
Sinceabout1800,nearthebeginningoftheindustrialrevolution,coal,petroleumandgashavebeenusedatarapidlyincreasin
随机试题
关于牙根拔除术的说法。错误的是
酸枣仁汤中养肝血、安心神的药物是()
恶性葡萄胎与绒毛膜癌的主要鉴别点是
在试算平衡时,如果试算平衡,则账簿记录一定正确。()
国际货币基金组织为解决成员国结构性缺陷导致的严重国际收支问题而设立的贷款是()。
根据《行政许可法》,以下关于公民特定资格的考试,陈述错误的是()。
甲、乙、丙三人成立一有限合伙企业,甲是有限合伙人。企业生产乳制品,注册商标为“奥立星”。丁超市与该有限合伙企业签订一份合同,由该有限合伙企业为丁超市提供一年的乳制品供应。2014年9月,戊从丁超市购买一箱“奥立星”乳制品,饮用后出现腹泻症状。戊在请求丁
成人夜校
Whenyou()thisoverwithher,youshouldnotseeheranymore.
A、It’satraditionalEuropeanfestival.B、ItfallsonthedaybeforeEaster.C、Thetraditionalcelebrationisdecoratingeggs.D
最新回复
(
0
)