2. 考研
  3. Kazuko Nakane’s history of the early Japanese immigrants to central California’s Pajaro Valley focuses on the development of far

Kazuko Nakane’s history of the early Japanese immigrants to central California’s Pajaro Valley focuses on the development of far

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问题     Kazuko Nakane’s history of the early Japanese immigrants to central California’s Pajaro Valley focuses on the development of farming communities there from 1890 to 1940. The Issei (first-generation immigrants) were brought into the Pajaro Valley to raise sugar beets. Like Issei laborers in American cities, Japanese men in rural areas sought employment via the "boss" system. The system comprised three elements: immigrant wage laborers; Issei boardinghouses where laborers stayed; and labor contractors, who gathered workers for a particular job and then negotiated a contract between workers and employer. This same system was originally utilized by the Chinese laborers who had preceded the Japanese. A related institution was the "labor club" which provided job information and negotiated employment contracts and other legal matters, such as the rental of land, for Issei who chose to belong and paid an annual fee to the cooperative for membership.
    When the local sugar beet industry collapsed in 1902, the Issei began to lease land from the valley’s strawberry farmers. The Japanese provided the labor and the crop was divided between laborers and landowners. The Issei thus moved quickly from wage-labor employment to share cropping agreements. A limited amount of economic progress was made as some Issei were able to rent or buy farmland directly, while others joined together to form farming corporations. As the Issei began to operate farms, they began to marry and start families, forming an established Japanese American community. Unfortunately, the Issei’s efforts to attain agricultural independence were hampered by government restrictions, such as the Alien Land Law of 1913. But immigrants could circumvent such exclusionary laws by leasing or purchasing land in their American-born children’s names.
    Nakane’s case study of one rural Japanese American community provides valuable information about the lives and experiences of the Issei. It is, however, too particularistic. This limitation derives from Nakane’s methodology—that of oral history—which cannot substitute for a broader theoretical or comparative perspective. Future research might well consider two issues raised by her study: were the Issei of the Pajaro Valley similar to or different from Issei in urban settings, and what variations existed between rural Japanese American communities?
What is the primary purpose of the passage?
选项
答案The passage is primarily to summarize-and critique Kazuko Nakane’s history study.
解析 主旨大意题。第一段第一句指出，Kazuko Nakane关于加州中部帕加罗山谷早期日本移民研究的重点是1890年至1940年间当地农业社区的发展，之后通过第一代移民引出“老板”制度和劳工俱乐部。第二段主要讲，1902年当地甜菜产业崩溃后，第一代移民从被雇佣到合伙种植草莓、联合成立农业公司的转变。但经济发展后，他们遇到了《外国人土地法》这类的排斥性法律。第三段讲，Kazuko Nakane的研究提供了新信息但仍有缺陷。综上，本文的主要目的是简述Kazuko Nakane的研究。
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