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  3. Blast injuries, caused by the sort of explosions that occurred in Boston Monday, can be sonic of the most difficult and complex

Blast injuries, caused by the sort of explosions that occurred in Boston Monday, can be sonic of the most difficult and complex

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问题     Blast injuries, caused by the sort of explosions that occurred in Boston Monday, can be sonic of the most difficult and complex injuries to treat. The "blast wave" from the explosion acts like "an invisible wall of energy. " Its tremendous energy can inflict massive internal injuries, says Mark Morocco, associate professor of emergency medicine. Ronald Reagan UCLA Medical Center.
    "Blast injury is one of the most challenging constellations of injuries," says John Chovanes, trauma surgeon at Cooper University Hospital in Camden, N. J. , and an Army reservist who has done three combat tours in Iraq and Afghanistan. He has treated dozens of blast victims. In one explosive event, Chovanes says, a victim can suffer the blunt trauma of a high-speed auto accident from the high-pressure blast wave, the penetrating destruction of multiple bullet wounds from the shrapnel and potentially a swath of disfiguring burns. The rapid pressure wave can instantly inflate the stomach with air, then immediately suck it out. Such pressure is many times worse than the sudden pressure changes that people feel in their ears when a plane changes altitude. The force can rupture intestines, collapse lungs and knock the brain around inside the skull, he says. "You can have disruption of brain function without any physical finding," Morocco says," You can have internal injuries even without any obvious bleeding. "
    Boston hospitals reported that many patients had injuries to their lower legs. That’s consistent with a bomb placed at ground level, such as in a backpack, Morocco says. "Bits of leg can be blown away from the pressure wave, which is like a big wind," Morocco says. "It knocks you down." In addition to creating a massive shock wave, an explosion can also cause shrapnel or other bits of metal to slice through flesh like a knife, Morocco says.
    While no city is ever completely prepared for the kind of horror that beset Boston Monday, the city’ s emergency management system is about as good as it gets, says Richard Zane, chair of emergency medicine at the University of Colorado School of Medicine. "Boston has the most robust mass casualty plan of any city in the United States," says Zane. who previously worked in Boston’ s Brigham and Women’s Hospital for 14 years. "I’m certain this response was so well orchestrated because they have planned for this before, they have drilled for this before. "
    Boston is home to some of the best regarded hospitals in the world. Beyond the skill of its surgeons and staff, however, the city also has an integrated emergency response system-including police, fire and others—to coordinate and direct care in an emergency. That ensures that patients are portioned out to hospitals evenly, so that individual facilities aren’t overwhelmed. Coordinating care at the scene of a disaster can save lives, Morocco says, through making hard choices about which patients need to be taken first to a hospital, which can wait and which is too injured to even try.
    Even patients with extensive injuries are likely to survive if treated within "the golden hour," Morocco says. Patients who languish more than an hour without treatment often don’t make it.
What’s the author’s attitude toward Boston’s emergency management system?
选项 A、critical
B、negative
C、satisfied
D、neutral
答案C
解析 作者在四、五两段对波士顿的城市应急管理系统做了比较详细的评论。指出波士顿有着美国最完备的应急处理系统、最好的医院、最好的医疗设备，并且各个部门协调运作，因此在紧急事件发生的时候，能够应时精良有序，灾难现场的协调护理可以挽救生命。很明显，作者对波士顿的这一应急响应系统充满了溢美之词，指出虽然此次爆炸威力很大，事发突然，但是因为应急管理系统的有效介入。挽救了不少生命损失。因此，C是正确选项。
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