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  3. The evolution of the social sciences has reached a crucial point that might be called a phase change in which old, atomistic, an

The evolution of the social sciences has reached a crucial point that might be called a phase change in which old, atomistic, an

admin2011-03-14  60
问题      The evolution of the social sciences has reached a crucial point that might be called a phase change in which old, atomistic, and impressionistic ways of doing research are superseded by a far more systematic and united methodology. To bring social sciences to the level of rigor already achieved by some of the physical sciences, a new type of facility will be needed. This will be a trans-disciplinary, Internet-based collaboratory that will provide social and behavioral scientists with the databases, software and hardware tools, and other resources to conduct worldwide research that integrates experimental, survey, geographic, and economic methodologies on a much larger scale than was possible previously. This facility will enable advanced research and  professional  education in economics,  sociology,  political  science,  social geography, and related fields.
     In many branches of social sciences, a new emphasis on the rigor of formal laboratory experimentation has driven researchers to develop procedure and software to conduct online interaction experiment using computer terminals attached to local area networks. The opportunity to open these laboratories to the Internet will reduce the cost per research participant and increase greatly the number of institutions, researchers, students, and research participants who can take part. The scale of social sciences experimentation can increase by an order of magnitude or more, examining a much wider range of phenomena and ensuring great confidence in results through multiple replication of crucial studies.
     Technology  for  administering  questionnaires  to  very  large  numbers  of respondents over the Internet will revolutionize survey research. Data from past questionnaire surveys can be the springboard for new surveys with vastly larger numbers of respondents at lower cost than by traditional methods. Integrated researches can combine modules using both questionnaire and experimental methods.Results can be linked via geographic analysis to other sources of data including census information, economic statistics, and data from other experiments and surveys. Longitudinal studies will conduct time-series comparisons across data sets to chart social and economic trends. Each new study will be designed so that the data automatically and instantly becomes part of the archives, and scientific publications will be linked to the data sets on which they are based so that the network becomes a universal knowledge system.
All of the following are defeats with the traditional survey in the form of questionnaires EXCEPT
选项 A、a restricted range of investigation.
B、greater cost in administering them.
C、lack of precision compared with experiments.
D、difficulty in being confirmed by other kinds of research.
答案C
解析 细节题。文章第三段指出：过去的问卷调查得到的数据可以用作新调查的依据，使得新调查比利用传统方法进行调查的成本更低，被调查的人数也多得多；综合性研究可以联合使用问卷和实验方法的模式，还可以把地域分析和其他来源的数据结合起来得出结论。这说明，A、B和D都是以问卷进行的传统调查的缺陷。只有C文中没有提到。  
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