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  3. Most people lie in everyday conversation when they are trying to appear likable and competent, according to a study conducted by

Most people lie in everyday conversation when they are trying to appear likable and competent, according to a study conducted by

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问题     Most people lie in everyday conversation when they are trying to appear likable and competent, according to a study conducted by University of Massachusetts psychologist Robert S. Feldman. The study found that lies told by men and women differ in content, though not in quantity.
    Feldman said the results showed that men do not lie more than women or vice versa, but that men and women lie in different ways. "Women were more likely to lie to make the person they were talking to feel good, while men lied most often to make themselves look better," Feldman said.
    A group of 121 pairs of undergraduate UMass students were recruited to participate in the study. They were told that the purpose of the study was to examine how people interact when they meet someone new. Participants were told they would have a 10-minute conversation with another person. Some participants were told to try to make themselves appear likable. Others were told to appear competent. A third, control group was not directed to present themselves in any particular way.
    Participants were unaware that the session was being videotaped through a hidden camera. At the end of the session, participants were told they had been videotaped and consent was obtained to use the video-recordings for research.
    The students were then asked to watch the video of themselves and identify any inac-curacies in what they had said during the conversation. They were encouraged to identify all lies, no matter how big or small.
    Feldman said the students who participated in the study were surprised at their own results. "When they were watching themselves on videotape, people found themselves lying much more than they thought they had," Feldman said.
    The lies the students told varied considerably, according to Feldman. Some were relatively minor, such as agreeing with the person with whom they were speaking that they liked someone when they really did not. Others were more extreme, such as falsely claiming to be the star of a rock band.
    "It’ so easy to lie," Feldman said. "We teach our children that honesty is the best policy, but we also tell them it’s polite to pretend they like a birthday gift they’ve been given. Kids get a very mixed message regarding the practical aspects of lying, and it has an impact on how they behave as adults. "
Before the study of the interactions, two groups of participants were told______.
选项 A、what they should discuss
B、whom they should talk to
C、how they should behave
D、how fast they should speak
答案C
解析 本题考查概括能力。文中第三段第四、五句：Some participants were told to try to make themselves appear likable．Others were told to appear competent。句意如下：要求一些参与者尽量做到讨人喜欢，另外一些尽量显示自己的才华和能力。据此推断，这两组参与者参加研究之前，研究人员就告诉他们跟人交往时应该如何表现，所以C项符合题意。
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