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  3. All day long, you are affected by large forces. Genes influence your intelligence and willingness to take risks. Social dynamics

All day long, you are affected by large forces. Genes influence your intelligence and willingness to take risks. Social dynamics

admin2012-02-29  29
问题     All day long, you are affected by large forces. Genes influence your intelligence and willingness to take risks. Social dynamics unconsciously shape your choices. Instantaneous (瞬间 的) perceptions set off neutral reactions in your head without you even being aware of them.
    Over the past few years, scientists have made a series of exciting discoveries about how these deep patterns influence daily life. Nobody has done more to bring these discoveries to public attention than Malcolm Gladwell.
    Gladwell’s new book Outliers seems at first glance to be a description of exceptionally talented individuals. But in fact, it’s another book about deep patterns. Exceptionally successful people are not lone pioneers who created their own success, he argues. They are the lucky beneficiaries of social arrangements.
    Gladwell’s noncontroversial claim is that some people have more opportunities than others. Bill Gates was lucky to go to a great private school with its own computer at the dawn of the information revolution.
    Gladwell’s book is being received by reviewers as a call to action for the Obama Age. It could lead policy makers to finally reject policies built on the assumption that people are coldly rational profit-maximizing individuals. It could cause them to focus more on policies that foster relationships, social bonds and cultures of achievement.
    Yet, I can’t help but feel that Gladwell and others who share his emphasis are preoccupied with the coolness of the discoveries. They’ve lost sight of the point at which the influence of social forces ends and the influence of the self-initiating individual begins.
    Most successful people begin with two beliefs: the future can be better than the present, and I have the power to make it so. They were often showered by good fortunes, but relied at crucial moments upon achievements of individual will. These people also have an extraordinary ability to consciously focus their attention. Control of attention is the ultimate individual power. People who can do that are not prisoners of the stimuli around them. They can choose from the patterns in the world and lengthen their time horizons.
    Gladwell’s social determinism overlooks the importance of individual character and individual creativity. And it doesn’t fully explain the genuine greatness of humanity’s talents. As the classical philosophers understood, examples of individual greatness inspire achievement more reliably than any other form of education.
What do we learn about Gladwell’s book from the fifth paragraph?
选项 A、It has received severe criticisms.
B、It has become quite influential in the US.
C、It is beginning to influence Obama’s policies.
D、It assumes that people just pursue maximum profits.
答案B
解析 根据题干中的the fifth paragraph将本题出处定位到第五段。该段首句提到，Gladwell的书正在被评论家当作在奥巴马时代行动起来的号召，由此可知，Gladwell的书在美国已经有影响力了，故答案为[B]。文中提到这本书可能会对决策者的决策产生影响，并未说已经开始产生影响，故排除[C]；由第五段第二句可推断出，这本书反对人们都是冷漠、理智地将利益最大化的假设，故排除[D]。
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