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  3. Aging poses a serious challenge to OECD (Organization of Economic Co-operation and Development) countries, in particular, how to

Aging poses a serious challenge to OECD (Organization of Economic Co-operation and Development) countries, in particular, how to

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问题     Aging poses a serious challenge to OECD (Organization of Economic Co-operation and Development) countries, in particular, how to pay for future public pension liabilities. And early retirement places an【C1】______ burden on pension financing. There is no easy solution, but【C2】______ retirement could help.
    Early retirement may seem like a worthy individual goal, but it is a socially【C3】______ one, and makes the present public pension system difficult to sustain for long. The【C4】______ reason is that more people are retiring early and living longer. That means more retirees depending on the【C5】______ of those in work for their income. The【C6】______ is worrying. In the next 50 years, low fertility rates and【C7】______ life expectancy in OECD countries will cause this old-age dependency rate to roughly double【C8】______ size. Public pension payments, which afford 30% ~ 80% of total retirement incomes in OECD countries, are【C9】______ to rise, on average, by over three percentage points in GDP and by as much as eight percentage points in some countries.【C10】______ is the pressure on pension funds that there is a danger of today’s workers not getting the pensions they expected or felt they【C11】______ for.
    Action is needed,【C12】______ simply aiming to reduce the【C13】______ (and cost) of public pensions, or trying to【C14】______ the role of privately funded pensions within the system, though necessary steps, may be【C15】______ to deal with the dependency challenge. After years of【C16】______ early retirement schemes to avoid【C17】______ and higher unemployment, many governments are now looking【C18】______ persuading people to stay in work until they are older. Surely, the thinking goes, if we are healthier now and jobs are physically less【C19】______ and unemployment is down, then perhaps the【C20】______ rate should rise anew.
【C13】
选项 A、multitude
B、implementation
C、application
D、generosity
答案D
解析 通过上下文选择名词。空格处填入的名词作of public pensions的中心语以及reduce的动词宾语。根据上文，第二段末句提到“养老基金的压力太大了”，第三段首句则提出“需要采取行动”。由此推出后面的内容应该围绕如何减小压力展开论述。因此空格处的内容“减少公共养老金的……”是减小压力的一种方法。A项multitude与reduce搭配，意为“减小……的数量”，代入原文，“减小公共养老金的数量”显然不是减压的方法。B项implementation“实施，执行”通常不直接作reduce的宾语。C项application的搭配应是application for public pensions(申请公共养老金)。只有D项generosity“慷慨，宽大”符合文意，意为“现在的养老金支出过于慷慨，需要减少”。
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