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  3. Anthropology is the study of human beings as creatures of society. It fastens its attention upon those physical characteristics

Anthropology is the study of human beings as creatures of society. It fastens its attention upon those physical characteristics

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问题     Anthropology is the study of human beings as creatures of society. It fastens its attention upon those physical characteristics and industrial techniques, those conventions and values, which distinguish one community from all others that belong to a different tradition.
    The distinguishing mark of anthropology among the social sciences is that it includes for serious study other societies than our own. For its purposes and social regulation of mating and reproduction is as significant as our own, though it may be that of the Sea Dyaks, and have no possible historical relation to that of our civilization. To the anthropologist, our customs and those of a new Guinea tribe are two possible social schemes for dealing with a common problem, and in so far as he remains an anthropologist he is bound to avoid any weighting of one in favor of the other. He is interested in human behavior, not as it is shaped by one tradition, our own, but as it has been shaped by any tradition whatsoever. He is interested in a wide range of custom that is found in various cultures, and his object is to understand the way in which these cultures change and differentiate, the different forms through which they express themselves and the manner in which the customs of peoples function in the lives of the individuals.
    Now custom has not been commonly regarded as a subject of any great moment. The inner workings of our own brains we feel to be uniquely worthy of investigation, but custom, we have a way of thinking, is behavior more astonishing than what any one person can ever evolve in individual actions. Yet that is a rather trivial aspect of the matter. The fact of first-rate importance is the predominant role that custom plays in experience and belief, and the very great varieties it may manifest.  
For serious study, an anthropologist______.
选项 A、must not study his own culture
B、is not supposed to have a prejudice against any society
C、should focus on those societies which are historically related to each other
D、is obliged to work only on those societies which have no historical relationship to each other
答案B
解析 本题是一道具体细节题。利用查阅式阅读法，我们可以在文章第二段中找到相关信息。这段指出，在众多社会学科中，人类学的本质特征在于：它认真研究我们这个文化社会以外的其他文化社会，从这种意义上来说，任何一种性交和繁殖的社会规范都具有其独特的意义，这种社会规范也许是达雅克人的社会规范，与我们的文明没有任何历史联系。对人类学家来说，我们的文化习俗与新几内亚的文化习俗只不过是解决一个共同问题的不同模式，只要他自认为是一个人类学家，他就不应该对任何文化习俗有偏见。因此，本题的正确答案应是B“不应歧视任何文化社会”。
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