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  3. (78) The advantages and disadvantages of a large population have long been a subject of discussion among economists (经济学家). It

(78) The advantages and disadvantages of a large population have long been a subject of discussion among economists (经济学家). It

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问题     (78) The advantages and disadvantages of a large population have long been a subject of discussion among economists (经济学家). It has been argued that the supply of good land is limited. To feed a large population, inferior land must be cultivated and the good land worked intensively. Thus, each person produces less and this means a lower average income than could be obtained with a smaller population. Other economists have argued that a large population gives more scope for specialization and the development of facilities such as ports, roads and railways, which are not likely to be built unless there is a big demand to justify them.
    One of the difficulties in carrying out a world-wide birth control program lies in the fact that official attitudes to population growth vary from country to country depending on the level of industrial development and the availability of food and raw materials. In the developing country where a vastly expanded population is pressing hard upon the limits of food, space and natural resources, it will be the first concern of government to place a limit on the birthrate, whatever the consequences may be. In the highly industrialized society the problem may be more complex. A decreasing birth rate may lead to unemployment because it results in a declining market for manufactured goods. (79) When the pressure of population on housing declines, prices also decline and the building industry is weakened. Faced with considerations such as these, the government of a developed country may well prefer to see a slowly increasing population, rather than one which is stable or in decline.
选项 A、higher productivity, but a lower average income
B、lower productivity, but a higher average income
C、lower productivity, and a lower average income
D、higher productivity, and a higher average income
答案D
解析 本题考查考生对细节的把握。见第一段第四句，人口多时each person produces less and this means a lower average income...，人口相对少时情况相反。因此D选项符合题意。A、B和C选项均不符合题意。
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