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  3. Autism is a strange condition. Sometimes its symptoms of "social blindness" (an inability to read or comprehend the emotions of

Autism is a strange condition. Sometimes its symptoms of "social blindness" (an inability to read or comprehend the emotions of

admin2022-06-13  61
问题     Autism is a strange condition. Sometimes its symptoms of "social blindness" (an inability to read or comprehend the emotions of others) occur alone. This is called high-functioning autism, or Asperger’s syndrome. Though their fellow men and women may regard them as a bit odd, high-functioning autists are often successful (sometimes very successful) members of society. On other occasions, though, autism manifests as part of a range of cognitive problems. Then, the condition is declining.
    What is common to those on all parts of the so-called autistic spectrum is that they are more often men than women—so much more often that one school of thought suggests autism is an extreme demonstration of what it means, mentally, to be male. Boys are four times more likely to be diagnosed with autism than girls are. For high-functioning autism, the ratio is seven to one.
    Moreover, what is true of autism is true, to a lesser extent, of a lot of other neurological and cognitive disorders. Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is diagnosed around three times more often in boys than in girls. "Intellectual disability", a catch-all term for inborn low IQ, is 30-50％ more common in boys, as is epilepsy. In fact, these disorders frequently show up in combination. For instance, children diagnosed with an autistic-spectrum disorder often also receive a diagnosis of ADHD.
    Autism’s precise causes are unclear, but genes are important. Though no mutation which, by itself, causes autism has yet been discovered, well over 100 are known that make someone with them more vulnerable to the condition.
Most of these mutations are as common in women as in men, so one explanation for the divergent incidence is that male brains are more vulnerable than female ones to equivalent levels of genetic disruption. This is called the female-protective model. The other broad explanation, social-bias theory, is that the difference is illusory. Girls are being under-diagnosed because of differences either in the ways they are assessed, or in the ways they cope with the condition, rather than because they actually have it less. Some researchers claim, for example, that girls are better able to hide their symptoms.  
According to the first paragraph, high-functioning autists are often_________.
选项 A、odd but friendly
B、blind and incapable
C、strange but successful
D、eccentric and unsuccessful
答案C
解析 细节题。首先定位到第一段。根据high—functioning autists定位到第一段第四句：Though their fellow men and women may regard them as a bit odd, high-functioning autists are often successful (sometimes very successful) members of society. 其中形容high  functioning autists的词有两个，一个是上半句的a bit odd“有点奇怪”，一个是比较明显的successful“成功的”，故判断C项strange but successful为答案。A项中的friendly和B项中的blind and incapable均为无中生有，故排除；而D项中的eccentric“古怪的”一词正确，但unsuccessful与原文相反；故本题答案为C项。
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