首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
外语
The sources of anti-Christian feeling were many and complex. On the more intangible side, there was a general pique against the
The sources of anti-Christian feeling were many and complex. On the more intangible side, there was a general pique against the
admin
2011-04-26
67
问题
The sources of anti-Christian feeling were many and complex. On the more intangible side, there was a general pique against the unwanted intrusion of the Western countries; there was an understandable tendency to seek an external scapegoat for internal disorders only tangentially attributable to the West and perhaps most important, there was a virile tradition of ethnocentrism, vented long before against Indian Buddhism, which, since the seventeenth century, focused on Western Christianity. Accordingly, even before the missionary movement really got under may in the mid-nineteenth century, it was already at a disadvantage. After 1860, as missionary activity in the hinterland expanded, it quickly became apparent that in addition to the intangibles, numerous tangible grounds for Chinese hostility abounded.
In part, the very presence of the missionary evoked attack. They were, after all, the first foreigners to leave the treaty ports and venture into the interior, and for a ling time they were virtually the only foreigners whose quotidian labors carried them to the farthest reaches of the Chinese empire. For many of the indigenous population, therefore, the missionary stood as a uniquely visible symbol against which opposition to foreign intrusion could be vented. In part, too, the missionary was attacked because the manner in which he made his presence felt after 1860 seemed almost calculated to offend. By indignantly waging battles against the notion that China was the sole fountainhead of civilization and, more particularly, by his assault on many facets of Chinese culture per se, the missionary directly undermined the cultural hegemony of the gentry class. Also, in countless ways, he posed a threat to the gentry’s traditional monopoly of social leadership. Missionaries, particularly Catholics, frequently assumed the garb of the Confucian literati. They were only persons at the local level, aside from the gentry, who were permitted to communicate with the authorities as social equals. And they enjoyed an extraterritorial status in the interior that gave them greater immunity to Chinese law than had ever been possessed by the gentry.
Although it was the avowed policy of the Chinese government after 1860 that the new treaties were to be strictly adhered to, in practice implementation depended on the wholehearted accord of provincial authorities. There is abundant evidence that cooperation was dilatory. At the root of this lay the interactive nature of ruler and ruled.
In a severely understaffed bureaucracy that ruled as much by suasion as by might, the official almost always a stranger in the locality of his service, depended on the active cooperation of the local gentry class. Energetic attempts to implement treaty provisions concerning missionary activities, in direct defiance of gentry sentiment, ran the risk of alienating this class and destroying future effectiveness.
Missionaries ______.
选项
A、often dressed the same way as Chinese scholars did
B、were free of the legal constraints that bound the local indigenous population
C、had greater access to authority than Chinese peasants
D、may be described by all of the above
答案
D
解析
根据第二段末尾,传教士,尤其是天主教徒经常以儒家文人学士的装束出现。在地方,除了贵族以外,只允许他们同当局交谈。他们在内地享有治外法权的地位,这使他们享有中国法律的豁免权,其豁免权比中国贵族享有的豁免权还要大。
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/Rb6O777K
0
考博英语
相关试题推荐
Lookatthelistbelow.ItshowsthecontentsofaWeb.Forquestions6-10,decidewhichpart(A-H)eachpersonshouldvisit.F
Readthearticlebelowabouttimemanagement.ChoosethecorrectwordtofilleachgapfromA,BorContheoppositepage.For
Itwasallagreedthatthefirstproblemthenewgovernmentwouldhaveto______wasunemployment.
(46)Clonaid,acompanyassociatedbyagroupthatbelievesextraterrestrialscreatedmankind,announcedFridaythatithadprodu
Potentiallyofferingapowerfulnewtoolagainstterrorism,researchershavefoundanovelwaytodetectdeception:intheliar’
Theyoungartisthadnotexpectedtofindsuchanidematticinthat______building,whichhadbeenabandonedseveralyearsear
从20世纪中叶起,各国政府对科学技术的重视引起了各级教育机构的响应,理论科学和应用科学的巨大进步也激起了人们学习自然科学的兴趣,科学技术因此而有了飞速的发展。但与此同时,人们忽视了对人文科学和社会科学的学习,公民对道德观念和社会准则在生活中的意义缺乏认识。
GeneralGeorgeWashingtonandhishungry,raggedtroopscrossedtheDelawareRiverfromPennsylvania,surprisedthegarrisonof
InSwitzerland,sixmileswestofGeneva,liesacollectionoflaboratoriesandbuildings,andmostcuriousofallyacircularm
Thejuryreturneda(n)______of"notguilty".
随机试题
下列不属于永续盘存制条件下各项存货结存数的表现形式的是()
《红楼梦》中,在宝玉挨打后,众人纷纷前来探望。请根据人物性格,判断下列哪句是薛宝钗的问候
TLC法中常用的吸附剂是()
小儿生长发育的规律不包括
为了客观分析企业盈利能力,收集相关分析数据时应当排除的项目有()。
《出口玩具质量许可证》有效期( )年。出口玩具发货人于装运前( )天报检,必须逐批实施检验。
长时记忆的主要编码形式是()。
Thereisconcernaroundtheapparentinabilityofscienceeducationtocountercurrentnegativeperceptionsofscienceinbothd
TheRoleofPriceWhatisprice?Priceisoftensaidtobetheamountofmoneypeoplemusthavetogetsomething(19).Tha
A、Theyonlyreceivemoneyfrombusinesses.B、Theyofferpeoplenewsandentertainment.C、Theyarerunbythegovernment.D、They
最新回复
(
0
)