2. 外语
  3. For as long as there have been archaeologists, there have been guesses about what they would discover if they were to analyze th

For as long as there have been archaeologists, there have been guesses about what they would discover if they were to analyze th

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问题    For as long as there have been archaeologists, there have been guesses about what they would discover if they were to analyze their own society’s refuse(垃圾) Which such speculations (沉思) often have been humors, they are based on a serious rationale (方式) Archaeologists have learned improtant information about past societies by analyzing the patterns, in arivent garbage (方式) so they should be able to learn something about contemporary societies from fresh garbage. Just as the pieces of pottery (陶器)broken stone tools, and cut animal bones in old refuse middens(垃圾堆)provide a surprisingly detailed (详细的) view of past life styles, so should the labeled packages, food debris (核骸) discarded (抛弃) clothing, and used batteries (电池) in modem middens reveal intimate (个人的)details of our lives today.
   Indeed, if our garbage can teach us things about our behaviors as consumers that will enrich(使丰富) human life and help reduce the undesirable (不受欢迎的) environmental consequences of the industrialized world, why wait until those of us who could benefit most from refuse studies are dead and buried? Such was the thinking of a group of my University of Arizona students and me when we founded the Garbage Project in 1973. More than 20 years later the project, codirected by Wilson Hughes (who was one of the founding students), is still guided by the same philosophy.
   What sets the Garbage project’s studies apart from other research into the behaviors of consumers is that all project data are collected from hard-sorting of quantifiable (可以数的)bits and pieces of garbage rather than from interview-surveys, government documents, or industry records. In other words, the Garbage Project reconstructs consumer behaviors directly from material reality rather than from self-reports or other records that might possibly be biased by perceptions and judgements. What also distinguishes the project’s studies from those conducted by engineering consultant (咨询者)firms and even by solid-waste managers is the excruciating (剧烈的) level at which data are recorded.
   Since its inception (开始) the Garbage Project has literally (完全地) immersed (陷入) itself in newly discarded refuse placed out for collection. Fresh discards have been used to study food waste, what people eat and drink, recycling behaviors, household hazardous (危险的) wastes, packaging discards, and even dental (牙齿的) health. After 1987, when the project added landfills(掩埋式垃圾处理场) to its research repertoire (戏目), investigations expanded to include the composition (构成) of landfill wastes, the rate of breakdown (倒塌) of materials within landfills, the contribution of household hazardous wastes to the fluids (流体) that leak (漏)out of MSW landfills, and the effect on landfills of various waste-reduction strategies--for example, recycling, composting, or source reduction(simply using less of something).
Discards have been used by the Garbage Project to study ______.
选项 A、the proportion of materials which break down within landfills
B、how much people eat and drink in their daily lives
C、the fluids that leak out of MSW landfills
D、how to compose the landfill wasters
答案A
解析
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