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  3. School shootings like the one that devastated the small German town of Winnenden on 11 March may not just be random acts of viol

School shootings like the one that devastated the small German town of Winnenden on 11 March may not just be random acts of viol

admin2015-12-28  29
问题     School shootings like the one that devastated the small German town of Winnenden on 11 March may not just be random acts of violence. A review of similar killings in the US, and of general school aggression, indicates that some schools are more likely than others to be breeding grounds for killers. Schools can’t be blamed for an individual’s actions, but they may be able to reduce the chance of a killer emerging from their gates.
    The rare nature of school shootings makes them tough to study in a systematic way. But between July 1999 and June 2006 there were eight school shootings in which more than one person was killed in the US alone. Such case studies allow researchers to start drawing some parallels.
    Traci Wike and Mark Fraser at the University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, reviewed studies of shooting incidents, such as those at Columbine High School, Colorado, in 1999 and at Virginia Tech in 2007, and of general school aggression. They identified shared characteristics that might have helped to shape the killers. "Shootings appear more likely in schools characterized by a high degree of social status and low bonding and attachment between teachers and students," Wike says. "They provide rewards and recognition for only an elite few, and create social dynamics that promote disrespectful behavior, bullying, and peer harassment." Large, academically competitive schools with an obvious "in-group" are at greatest risk, she adds. The level of attachment that pupils feel towards a school may also affect displays of violence. "No shooting has involved a student who was attached and committed to school," Wike says.
    Of course, personal factors can’t be ignored—and may be more important than environmental ones. Tim Kretschmer, who killed 15 people last week at Winnenden before turning the gun on himself, displayed many of the characteristics associated with other school shooters, such as anger at a girl, a fascination with violent video games and access to guns.
    But that doesn’t mean schools can’t play a role in reducing the alienation and hostility that seem to push such individuals over the edge. Tackling feelings of isolation in schools might work better than trying to pick out "the tiny handful of kids who are going to take a gun and massacre their peers", says Catherine Bradshaw of Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Health in Baltimore, Maryland. In the US at least, school shootings seem to be declining. According to the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, the number of school associated murders fell between 1992 and 2006, while multiple-victim homicides by students have been stable since 1992, with a small peak in the late 1990s.
In the opening paragraph, the author introduces his topic by
选项 A、posing a contrast.
B、justifying an assumption
C、making a comparison.
D、citing an example.
答案D
解析 事实细节题。文章第一段由德国温南登小镇的校园枪击事件直接引出主题，因此，D项为正确答案。
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