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Social History of the East End of London 1. 1st—4th centuries Produce was used to【T1】________the people of London. 2
Social History of the East End of London 1. 1st—4th centuries Produce was used to【T1】________the people of London. 2
admin
2022-11-06
14
问题
Social History of the East End of London
1. 1st—4th centuries
Produce was used to【T1】________the people of London.
2. 5th—10th centuries
Goods made of【T2】________and leather were produced.
3. 11th century
Lack of【T3】________encouraged newcomers to settle down.
4. 16th century
The dock for building【T4】________stimulated international trade.
Agricultural workers from other parts of【T5】________looked for work.
5. 17th century
Marshes were drained to provide land that could be【T6】________on.
6. 19th century
Inhabitants lived in great【T7】________.
7. Early 20th century
Living conditions for most workers were【T8】________:
. Houses were【T9】________closely together.
.【T10】________of the housing was the major concern.
【T3】
Social History of the East End of London
In the last few weeks, we’ve been looking at various aspects of the social history of London, and this morning we’re continuing with a look at life in the area called the East End. I’ll start with a brief history of the district, and then focus on life in the early twentieth century.
Back in the first to the fourth centuries A.D., when the Romans controlled England, London grew into a town of 45,000 people, and that’s now the East End—the area by the river Thames, and along the road heading northeast from London to the coast—consisted of farmland with crops and livestock which helped to feed that population.
The Romans left in 410, at the beginning of the fifth century, and from then onwards the country suffered a series of invasions by tribes from present-day Germany and Denmark, the Angles, Saxons and Jutes, many of whom settled in the East End. The technology they introduced meant that metal and leather goods were produced there for the first time. And as the East End was by the river, ships could transport goods between there and foreign markets.
In the eleventh century, in 1066 to be precise, the Normans conquered England, and during the next few centuries London became one of the most powerful and prosperous cities in Europe. The East End benefited from this, and because there were fewer restrictions there than in the city itself, plenty of newcomers settled there from abroad, bringing their skills as workers, merchants or money-lenders during the next few hundred years.
In the sixteenth century the first dock was dug where ships were constructed, eventually making the East End the focus of massive international trade. And in the late sixteenth century, when much of the rest of England was suffering economically, a lot of agricultural workers came to the East End to look for alternative work.
In the seventeenth century, the East End was still a series of separate, semi-rural settlements. There was a shortage of accommodation, so marshland was drained and built on to house the large numbers of people now living there.
By the nineteenth century London was the busiest port in the world, and this became the main source of employment in the East End. Those who could afford to live in more pleasant surroundings moved out, and the area became one where the vast majority of people lived in extreme poverty, and suffered from appalling sanitary conditions.
That brief outline takes us to the beginning of the twentieth century, and now we’ll turn to housing. At the beginning of the century, living conditions for the majority of working people in East London were very basic indeed. Houses were crowded closely together and usually very badly built, because there was no regulation. But the poor and needy were attracted by the possibility of work, and they had to be housed. It was the availability, rather than the condition, of the housing that was the major concern for tenants and landlords alike.
Now, that’s all for today, thanks.
选项
答案
restrictions
解析
本题与上世纪的工商业发展有关。录音提到,由于限制比城市少,因此大量外国人到此定居,并带来了他们作为工人、商人和借贷人员的技能。“带来他们作为工人、商人和借贷人员的技能”意即促进了商业的发展,空格前的Lack of对应录音的fewer。因此空格填入restrictions。
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专业英语四级
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