首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
考研
It used to be so straightforward (直接的). A team of researchers working together in the laboratory would submit the results of the
It used to be so straightforward (直接的). A team of researchers working together in the laboratory would submit the results of the
admin
2017-07-09
59
问题
It used to be so straightforward (直接的). A team of researchers working together in the laboratory would submit the results of their research to a journal. A journal editor would then remove the author’s names and affiliations(附属机构) from the paper and send it to their peers for review, depending on the comments received, the editor would accept the paper for publication or decline it. Copyright rested with the journal publishers, and researchers seeking knowledge of the results would have to subscribe to the journal.
No longer. The Internet—and pressure from funding agencies, who are questioning why commercial publishers are making money from government-funded research by restricting access to it— is making access to scientific results a reality. The Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) has just issued a report describing the far-reaching consequences of this. The report, by John Houghton of Victoria University in Australia and Graham Vickery of the OECD, makes heavy reading for publishers who have, so far, made handsome profits. But it goes further than that. It signals a change in what has, until now, been a key element of scientific endeavor.
The value of knowledge and the return on the public investment in research depends, in part, upon wide distribution and ready access. It is big business. In America, the core scientific publishing market is estimated at between $7 billion and $11 billion. The International Association of Scientific Technical and Medical Publisher says that there are more than 2,000 publishers worldwide specializing in these subjects. They publish more than 1.2 million articles each year in some 16,000 journals.
This is now changing. According to the OECD report, some 75% of scholarly journals are now online. Entirely new business models are emerging; three main ones were identified by the report’s authors. There is the so-called big deal, where institutional subscribers pay for access to a collection of online journal titles through site-licensing agreements. There is open-access publishing, typically supported by asking the author (or his employer) to pay for the paper to be published. Finally, there are open-access archives(档案) , where organizations such as universities or international laboratories support institutional repositories(仓库). Other models exist that are hybrids of these three, such as delayed open-access, where journals allow only subscribers to read a paper for the first six months, before making it freely available to everyone who wishes to see it. All this could change the traditional form of the peer-review process, at least for the publication of papers.
With the open-access publishing model, the author of a paper is required to
选项
A、cover the cost of its publication.
B、subscribe to the journal publishing it.
C、allow other online journals to use it freely.
D、complete the peer-review before submission.
答案
A
解析
细节题。第四段共介绍了四种网络出版模式,其中第五句提到了“开放存取出版模式”,在这种模式下,作者或其雇主支付论文出版费用。因此A项“支付出版费用”为正确答案。
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/RkbZ777K
0
考研英语一
相关试题推荐
Halfoftheworld’spopulationwillbespeakingorlearningEnglishby2015,researcherssay.Twobillionpeopleareexpectedto
Halfoftheworld’spopulationwillbespeakingorlearningEnglishby2015,researcherssay.Twobillionpeopleareexpectedto
【F1】Itisnolongerjustdirtyblue-collarjobsinmanufacturing;thatarebeingsuckedoffshorebutalsowhite-collarservicej
Astheintelligenceofrobotsincreasestomatchthatofhumansandastheircostdeclinesthrougheconomiesofscalewemayuse
【F1】Mostpeopleknowthatawkwardfeelingwhenyoushuffleintoanelevatorwithotherpeopleandtrynottomakeeyecontact.【
Manyphilosophershavearguedthatpeoplemakedecisionsaboutwhat’srightandwrongbasedonmoralprinciplesandrationaltho
Inthedrinkingstudy,publishedonDecember5inPublicHealth,tworesearchersanalyzeddataon8,236nonsmokersfromtheNat
TheUnitedStateseconomyproducedroughly$15trillionworthofgoodsandservicesin2008,makingiteasilythelargestinthe
[A]Butassixyearsstretchedto10,thento14,theanxietyofhealthofficialsgavewaytoastonishment.Althoughtwoofther
Theideathatpeoplemightbechosenorrejectedforjobsonthebasisoftheirgenesdisturbsmany.Such【C1】______may,however,
随机试题
根据我国《选举法》的规定,有关“由选民直接选举的人大代表候选人提名推荐方式”中,不正确的是()。
油田经济评价步骤包括核定基础数据和计算参数等内容。()
企业基期的销售收入利润率为30%,计划期的销售收入利润率与基期的相同,预计企业的销售收入为7000万元,则企业计划期内的利润额为()
A.C1~3B.C4C.C5D.C6E.C7支配头运动肌的是
填隙碎石适用于()。
对下肢骨牵引患者的护理,错误的是()。
课外活动最基本的组织形式是()
下列选项中,符合所给图形的变化规律的是()。
根据以下资料,回答问题。2000年、2005年、2006年发达国家、发展中国家和世界总体的国际储备(不包括黄金)和黄金储备变化情况,如图所示:部分国家国际储备和黄金储备的变化情况如下表所示:假设黄金价格为500美元/盎司,那么表中各年黄
(259)的软件是系统软件。
最新回复
(
0
)