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  3. According to two recent research papers, sugar is toxic enough to kill mice and is the drug of choice for laboratory rats, which

According to two recent research papers, sugar is toxic enough to kill mice and is the drug of choice for laboratory rats, which

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问题    According to two recent research papers, sugar is toxic enough to kill mice and is the drug of choice for laboratory rats, which prefer it to cocaine. Now it has been called " the most dangerous drug of this time" by Paul van der Velpent, head of Amsterdam’s health service. Velpent called for government restrictions on sugar in food and a ban on soft drinks in schools. An anti-sugar movement is emerging. Endocrinologist Dr Robert Lustig’s lecture, Sugar: The Bitter Truth, has picked up four million views on YouTube. The latest National Diet and Nutrition Survey shows all age groups exceeded the recommended 11% of energy coming from sugars added to foods. For children aged between 11 and 18 the mean intake was 15. 3%. Since the survey is self-reported it is likely that most people underestimate their intake.
   Why are we eating more? We like sugar and manufacturers have made some foods sweeter. An analysis found that Hovis wholemeal bread had doubled in sugar content between 1978 and 2013. A meta-analysis paper (that combines the results of studies) published this year found that increased intake of sugar led to weight gain. It also showed that children who had one sugary drink a day were 55% more likely to be overweight than those who did not. An accompanying editorial argued that sugar interferes with metabolic processes that protect against diabetes and heart attacks.
   Another study found that replacing 5% of calories from saturated fat with calories from sugars or other high-glycogenic-index carbohydrates increased the rate of heart attacks by 33%. A Princeton Review study found that rats experienced changes to the dopamine and opioid receptors in their brains after being flooded with sugar. This made them sugar-dependent. The authors queried whether adults could also develop a dependency.
   Whatever the conclusion, it is worth cutting down on sugar. Be aware of how much your food contains. Fat-free products often have high sugar levels to make them tasty, so try to avoid them. More sleep will also make you less likely to crave sugar. Recommended limits are 50g a day in a 2 000-calorie diet. A teaspoon is 4g. So now you know.
What did the Princeton Review study indicate?
选项 A、The changes on the dopamine and opioid receptors of rats make them sugar-dependent.
B、The changes on the dopamine and opioid receptors of adults make them develop a sugar-dependence.
C、The changes on the dopamine and opioid receptors of rats lead to their death.
D、The changes on the dopamine and opioid receptors of adults lead to their excessive eat of sugar.
答案A
解析 根据题干的Princeton Review study可以将该题定位至第三段。第三段指出：A Princeton Review study found that rats experienced changes to the dopamine and opioid receptors in their brains after being flooded with sugar．This made them sugar-dependent．The authors queried whether adults could also develop a dependency．也就是说当老鼠被喂食过量的糖类食物后，它们的多巴胺和阿片受体发生了变化，从而对糖产生了依赖。作者质疑是否成年人也会产生这种依赖。A选项是对该句的正确阐释。B和D选项涉及成年人，但作者并未确认成年人对糖的依赖。C选项认为多巴胺和阿片受体发生变化后导致了老鼠的死亡，而文章开头指出老鼠死亡是因为糖摄入过量。
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