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  3. The American economic system is organized around a basically private-enterprise, market-oriented economy in which consumers larg

The American economic system is organized around a basically private-enterprise, market-oriented economy in which consumers larg

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问题     The American economic system is organized around a basically private-enterprise, market-oriented economy in which consumers largely determine what shall be produced by spending their money in the marketplace for those goods and services that they want most.  Private businessmen, striving to make profits, produce these goods and services in competition with other businessmen; and the profit motive, operating under competitive pressures, largely determines how these goods and services are produced. (47)Thus, in the American economic system it is the demand of individual consumers, coupled with the desire of businessmen to maximize profits and the desire of individuals to maximize their incomes that together determine what shall be produced and how resources are used to produce it.
    (48)An important factor in a market-oriented economy is the mechanism by which consumer demands can be expressed and responded to by producers. In the American economy, this mechanism is provided by a price system, a process in which prices rise and fall in response to relative demands of consumers and supplies offered by seller-producers. If the product is in short supply relative to the demand, the price will be bid up and some consumers will be eliminated from the market. (49)If, on the other hand, producing more of a commodity results in reducing its cost, this will tend to increase the supply offered by seller-producers, which in turn will lower the price and permit more consumers to buy the product. Thus, price is the regulating mechanism in the American economic system.
    The important factor in a private-enterprise economy is that individuals are allowed to own productive resources (private property), and they are permitted to hire labor, gain control over natural resources, and produce goods and services for sale at a profit. (50)In the American economy, the concept of private property embraces not only the ownership of productive resources but also certain rights, including the right to determine the price of a product or to make a free contract with another private individual.
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答案美国的经济体系是围绕一个以私有企业和市场导向为主体的经济组织的。在这一体系中，消费者主要通过在市场上花钱购买那些他们最想要的产品和服务来决定厂家应该生产什么样的东西。
解析 本句是一个复合句，主干为The American economic system is organized around a... economy，其中economy后面的which引导一个定语从句in which consumers largely determine，修饰economy；这个定语从句的主语是consumers，谓语是determine，后面的宾语从句what shall be produced是determine的宾语；what shall be produced后面的分词结构by spending their money in the marketplace for those goods and services that they want most作状语，说明消费者决定应该生产什么产品；句末的定语从句that they want most修饰goods and services。注意：本句的意思围绕主干中的表语economy展开，所以阅读时要先抓主干，再理枝叶，层层分析，直到完全理解。
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