首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
外语
AlphaZero seems to express insight. It plays like no computer ever has, intuitively and beautifully, with a romantic, attacking
AlphaZero seems to express insight. It plays like no computer ever has, intuitively and beautifully, with a romantic, attacking
admin
2022-08-22
55
问题
AlphaZero seems to express insight. It plays like no computer ever has, intuitively and beautifully, with a romantic, attacking style. It plays gambits and takes risks. In some games it paralyzed Stockfish and toyed with it. While conducting its attack in Game 10, AlphaZero retreated its queen back into the corner of the board on its own side, far from Stockfish’s king, not normally where an attacking queen should be placed.
Yet this peculiar retreat was venomous: No matter how Stockfish replied, it was doomed. It was almost as if AlphaZero was waiting for Stockfish to realize, after billions of brutish calculations, how hopeless its position truly was, so that the beast could relax and expire peacefully, like a vanquished bull before a matador. Grandmasters had never seen anything like it. AlphaZero had the finesse of a
virtuoso
and the power of a machine. It was humankind’s first glimpse of an awesome new kind of intelligence.
When AlphaZero was first unveiled, some observers complained that Stockfish had been lobotomized by not giving it access to its book of memorized openings. This time around, even with its book, it got crushed again. And when AlphaZero handicapped itself by giving Stockfish ten times more time to think, it still destroyed the brute. Tellingly, AlphaZero won by thinking smarter, not faster; it examined only 60 thousand positions a second, compared to 60 million for Stockfish. It was wiser, knowing what to think about and what to ignore. By discovering the principles of chess on its own, AlphaZero developed a style of play that "reflects the truth" about the game rather than "the priorities and prejudices of programmers," Mr. Kasparov wrote in a commentary accompanying the Science article.
The question now is whether machine learning can help humans discover similar truths about the things we really care about: the great unsolved problems of science and medicine, such as cancer and consciousness; the riddles of the immune system, the mysteries of the genome.
The early signs are encouraging. Last August, two articles in Nature Medicine explored how machine learning could be applied to medical diagnosis. In one, researchers at DeepMind teamed up with clinicians at Moorfields Eye Hospital in London to develop a deep-learning
algorithm
that could classify a wide range of retinal pathologies as accurately as human experts can. (Ophthalmology suffers from a severe shortage of experts who can interpret the millions of diagnostic eye scans performed each year; artificially intelligent assistants could help enormously.)
The other article concerned a machine-learning algorithm that decides whether a CT scan of an emergency-room patient shows signs of a stroke, an intracranial hemorrhage or other critical neurological event. For stroke victims, every minute matters; the longer treatment is delayed, the worse the outcome tends to be. (Neurologists have a grim saying: "Time is brain.") The new algorithm flagged these and other critical events with an accuracy comparable to human experts—but it did so 150 times faster. A faster diagnostician could allow the most urgent cases to be triaged sooner, with review by a human radiologist.
What is frustrating about machine learning, however, is that the algorithms can’t articulate what they’re thinking. We don’t know why they work, so we don’t know if they can be trusted. AlphaZero gives every appearance of having discovered some important
@B@but sometimes mothers or siblings give us a surprise, too@C@but sometimes mothers or siblings turn out not to be genetic ones, either@D@but sometimes mothers or siblings do not show up, either principles about chess, but it can’t share that understanding with us. Not yet, at least. As human beings, we want more than answers. We want insight. This is going to be a source of tension in our interactions with computers from now on.
In fact, in mathematics, it’s been happening for years already. Consider the longstanding math problem called the four-color map theorem. It proposes that, under certain reasonable constraints, any map of contiguous countries can always be colored with just four colors such that no two neighboring countries are colored the same.
Although the four-color theorem was proved in 1977 with the help of a computer, no human could check all the steps in the argument. Since then, the proof has been validated and simplified, but there are still parts of it that entail brute-force computation, of the kind employed by AlphaZero’s chess-playing computer ancestors. This development annoyed many mathematicians. They didn’t need to be reassured that the four-color theorem was true; they already believed it. They wanted to understand why it was true, and this proof didn’t help.
(选自《纽约时报》2019年1月2日)
The overall tone of the passage is________.
选项
A、subjective
B、objective
C、indifferent
D、optimistic
答案
B
解析
态度题。作者既肯定了机器学习的长处,也指出了其不足,故正确答案为B(客观的)。
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/S60O777K
本试题收录于:
CATTI二级笔译综合能力题库翻译专业资格(CATTI)分类
0
CATTI二级笔译综合能力
翻译专业资格(CATTI)
相关试题推荐
HowlongdoAmericansspendadayinfrontofacomputerorotherelectronicdevices?
Wemayhavesuspecteditalready,butnowthescience【C1】______:unmarriedandchildlesswomenarethehappiestsubgroupinthe
Wemayhavesuspecteditalready,butnowthescience【C1】______:unmarriedandchildlesswomenarethehappiestsubgroupinthe
Wemayhavesuspecteditalready,butnowthescience【C1】______:unmarriedandchildlesswomenarethehappiestsubgroupinthe
Beingassertiveisbeingabletocommunicatewithotherpeopleclearly.Ifyoufeltthatyouhadexpressedwhatwasimportantto
Beingassertiveisbeingabletocommunicatewithotherpeopleclearly.Ifyoufeltthatyouhadexpressedwhatwasimportantto
Beingassertiveisbeingabletocommunicatewithotherpeopleclearly.Ifyoufeltthatyouhadexpressedwhatwasimportantto
Beingassertiveisbeingabletocommunicatewithotherpeopleclearly.Ifyoufeltthatyouhadexpressedwhatwasimportantto
Itwasaone-linechatreplyfromanAncestryDNAcustomer-servicerepthatrippedCatherineSt.Clair’slife.At57,shewasher
Ourcountryhasovertakenandoutstrippeddevelopedcountriesinsomescientific.
随机试题
关于贪污罪的认定,下列哪些选项是正确的?()
治疗肝郁型不孕的主方是治疗偏肾阳虚型不孕的主方是
患者,男,42岁。近期工作忙碌,身体疲倦,昨日起怕冷,发烧,头痛,恶心,呕吐,腹泻,舌质淡,苔白腻,脉象濡滑。最佳选药是
单位工程质量验收合格后,建设单位应在规定时间内将工程竣工验收报告和有关文件报()备案。
【背景资料】某项目部在北方地区承担某城市主干路道路工程施工任务,设计快车道宽11.25m,辅路宽9m。项目部应业主要求,将原计算安排在次年4月初施工的沥青混凝土面层,提前到当年11月上、中旬,抢铺出一条快车道以缓解城市交通。问题:在临近冬季施工季施
承包商可以向业主索赔利润的情况有()。
国有农场承包经营既是一种经营形式,也是一种()形式。
简述《史记》。
根据下列资料,回答下列问题。2012年F省社会消费品零售总额7149.54亿元,比上年增长15.9%,其中12月份的社会消费品零售总额645.36亿元,按经营地统计,城镇消费品零售额6563.57亿元,增长16.0%;乡村消费品零售额585.97
如果R0=0xFF00EE00,R1=0xFFFFFFFF,则ARM指令BICR2,R1,R0执行后,R2的值为【51】,执行指令ANDR3,R1,R0后,R3的值为【52】。
最新回复
(
0
)