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  3. This amazing woman was born a poor German princess and became one of Russia’s greatest emperors. She was born Princess Sophi

This amazing woman was born a poor German princess and became one of Russia’s greatest emperors. She was born Princess Sophi

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问题     This amazing woman was born a poor German princess and became one of Russia’s greatest emperors.
    She was born Princess Sophia August Frederika on May 2, 1729, in the Baltic seaport town of Stettin, then a part of German Pomerania. Her father was an obscure German military prince named Christian August, and her mother was Princess Joanna Elizabeth of Holstein-Gottorp. Her father was ruler of the tiny principality of Anhalt-Zerbst, but the greater part of his life was spent as an officer in the service of Prussia.
    In 1744, she arrived in Moscow with her mother to marry Peter, the Grand Duke of Holstein, grandson of Peter the Great and heir to the Russian throne(later Peter III). Their marriage was an unhappy one. Catherine(now baptized into the Russian Orthodox Church under that name)spent much of her time preparing for her future reign.
    In 1761, Peter was crowned emperor. Supported by the Russian military, Catherine overthrew Peter in 1762 and became Catherine II. She quickly began to make changes in government and society based on ideas learned from French-philosophers of the Enlightenment and the authors of ancient Rome.
    She was a friend of Voltaire and other European writers, and wrote stories and plays. She supported French writer and philosopher Denis Diderot when he was broken-she bought his library, hired him to look after it at his own house, for which she paid him a salary for the next 50 years in advance.
    Catherine patronized the arts, music and education, and she put millions of rubles into the creation of the Hermitage Museum, which today is the delight of Russia and the world. No other Russian monarch appreciated beauty as much as Catherine. She set the stage for the emergence of a national Russian culture that would become something unique and wonderful in the 19th century.
    Catherine established the first schools for women, including the Smolny Institute for in Petersburg. Also, Russia’s first public schools and universities were founded during her reign.
    Her rule was one of the most prosperous periods of the Russian Empire. She undertook a wide range of internal political reforms, waged two successful wars against the Ottoman Empire and occupied vast territories on Russia’s southern boundaries, eventually advancing the country’s border to the Black Sea.
How did Catherine become ruler of Russia?
选项 A、Her father died.
B、The people of Russia chose her.
C、She inherited the title from her cousin.
D、She used force to take over the government.
答案D
解析 根据文中第四段的“Supported by the Russian military,Catherine overthrew Peter in1762 and became Catherine II．”可知，在俄国军队的支持下，凯瑟琳于1762年推翻了彼得的统治。据此可知，凯瑟琳运用武力成为俄国的统治者，D项正确。
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