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  3. Traditional critical scholarship has considered a literary work the product of one focused mind, along with its social influence

Traditional critical scholarship has considered a literary work the product of one focused mind, along with its social influence

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问题 Traditional critical scholarship has considered a literary work the product of one focused mind, along with its social influences, struggling to achieve self-expression. In such a context, the author’s intended meaning, especially as it may be inferred by the circumstances surrounding his life and the work, is extremely important: the author’s intention should be taken as the gold standard in determining what constitutes an accurate and valid reading of the text. A natural outgrowth of measuring the validity of readings by this standard is the rejection of those readings that do not fit what the author intended, or what the surrounding culture expected the author to intend.
In the passage, "gold standard" most nearly means
选项 A、monetary normalcy
B、natural outgrowth
C、financial custom
D、cultural expectation
E、best practice
答案E
解析 The best answer is E. The "gold standard" is often used as a metaphor meaning "the best of its kind." In this case, the passage describes the best practice or approach to determining an accurate and valid reading of the text.
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