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  3. Throughout history man has changed his physical environment in order to improve his way of life. With the tools of technolog

Throughout history man has changed his physical environment in order to improve his way of life. With the tools of technolog

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问题     Throughout history man has changed his physical environment in order to improve his way of life.
    With the tools of technology he has altered many physical features of the earth. He has transformed woodlands into farmland, and made lakes and reservoirs out of rivers for irrigation purposes or hydroelectric power. Man has also modified the face of the earth by draining marshes and cutting through mountains to build roads and railways.
    However, man’s changes to the physical environment have not always had beneficial results. Today, pollution of the air and water is an increasing danger to the health of the planet. Each day thousands of tons of gases come out of the exhausts of motor vehicles; smoke from factories pollutes the air of industrialized areas and the surrounding areas of countryside. The air in cities is becoming increasingly unhealthy.
    The pollution of water is equally harmful. In the sea, pollution from oil is increasing and is killing enormous numbers of algae (水藻)，fish and birds. The whole ecological balance of the sea is being changed. The same problem exists in rivers. Industrial wastes have already made many rivers lifeless.
    Conservationists believe that it is now necessary for man to limit the growth of technology in order to survive on earth.
According to the passage, pollution of the air and water is caused by______.
选项 A、thousands of tons of gases coming out of the exhausts of motor vehicles
B、the changes of the environment that technology has brought to man
C、the increasing amount of oil that has been produced
D、industrial wastes discharged into rivers
答案B
解析 本题是一道具体细节题。问按照文章内容，水污染和空气污染的导因是什么。利用查阅式阅读法，我们发现文章第二段第一句指出，以技术为工具，人类改变了地球的许多物理特征。而文章第三段和第四段则具体地介绍了在改变地球的过程中给生态带来的空气污染与水污染。因此，本题的正确答案应是B“由于技术给人们带来的环境变化从而导致了空气污染和水污染”。A“机动车废气管排出的大量废气”。废气污染引起的是空气污染，因此，此选项不对。C“石油生产的增加”。石油生产的增加并不意味着水污染的增加，只有溢出到水面(或地面)的油才会引起污染。因此，此选项也不对。D“释放进河流里的工业废水”。废水引起的主要是水污染，因此，此答案也是错误的。可见，A、C和D表达的内容都是片面的，所以，都不是正确选项。
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