首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
外语
Civilizations Civilizations, vast or otherwise, can always be located on a map. An essential part of their character depends
Civilizations Civilizations, vast or otherwise, can always be located on a map. An essential part of their character depends
admin
2020-03-30
61
问题
Civilizations
Civilizations, vast or otherwise, can always be located on a map. An essential part of their character depends on the constraints or advantages of their geographical situation. 【T1】
This, of course, will have been affected for centuries or even millennia by human effort. Every landscape bears the traces of this continuous and cumulative labour generation after generation contributing to the whole. So doing, humanity itself has been transformed by what the French historian Jules Michelet called ’the decisive shaping of self by self’, or(as Karl Marx put it)’the production of people by people ’
. To discuss civilization is to discuss space, land and its contours, climate, vegetation, animal species and natural or other advantages. It is also to discuss what humanity has made of these basic conditions: agriculture, stock-breeding, food, shelter, clothing, communications, industry and so on. 【T2】
The stage on which humanity’s endless dramas are played out partly determines their story-line and explains their nature. The cast will alter, but the set remain broadly the same.
For the expert on India, Hermann Goetz, there are two essential Indias. One is humid, with heavy rainfall, lakes, marshes, forests and jungles, aquatic plants and flowers—the land of people with dark skins. It contrasts with the dryer India of the Indo-Gangetic plain, plus the Deccan plateau—the home of lighter-skinned people, many of them warlike. India as a whole, in Goetz’s view, is a debate and a tug-of-war between these two contrasting areas and peoples. 【T3】
The natural and man-made environment, of course, can not predetermine everything. It is not all-powerful. But it greatly affects the inherent or acquired advantages of any given situation. To take inherent advantages, every civilization is born of immediate opportunities, rapidly exploited.
Thus in the dawn of time, river civilizations flourished in the old world: Chinese civilization along the Yellow River; pre-Indian along the Indus; Sumerian, Babylonian and Assyrian on the Euphrates and the Tigris Egyptian on the Nile. A Similar group of Vigorous civilizations developed in Northern Europe, around the Baltic and the North Sea—not to mention the Atlantic Ocean itself. Much of the West and its dependencies today, in fact, are grouped around that ocean, rather as Roman world of former times was grouped around the Mediterranean.
【T4】
These classic instances reveal above all the prime important of communications. No civilization can survive without mobility; all are enriched by trade and the stimulating impact of strangers.
Islam for instance, is inconceivable without the movement of its caravans across the ’dry seas’ of its deserts and steppes, without its expeditions in the Mediterranean and across the Indian Ocean as far as Malacca and China. 【T5】
Mentioning these achievements has already led us beyond the natural and immediate advantages which supposedly gave rise to civilizations. To overcome the steady winds of the Indian Ocean, or to dam a river—all that needed human effort, to enjoy advantages, or rather to create them.
【T4】
选项
答案
这些经典实例首先揭示了交流的极端重要性。没有流动性,文化是无法存在下去的。一切都因交流和对陌生人的诱惑影响而变得精彩。
解析
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/SBTO777K
0
考博英语
相关试题推荐
Colorisveryimportanttomostanimalsforithelpsthemtogetalongintheworld.Color【C1】______tomakeananimaldifficult
Humanbeingsinalltimesandplacesthinkabouttheirworldandwonderattheirplaceinit.Humansarethoughtfulandcreative
Healwaysincludedsomethingabovetheunderstandingofhishearersinordertopreventthemfrombecoming______andtostimulate
Englishisanimportantforeignlanguagetomasterbecauseitprovidesready______toworldscholarshipandworldtrade.
ThelongitudinalstudydemonstratesthatstudentswhoreceiveESL(Englishasasecondlanguage)instructionarefarbetterthant
Competition,theybelieve,______thenationalcharacterratherthancorruptit.
RichardSatava,programmanagerforadvancedmedicaltechnologies,hasbeenadrivingforcebringingvirtualrealitytomedicine
Oldpeoplearealwayssayingthattheyoungpeoplearenot【C1】______theywere.Thesamecommentis【C2】______fromgenerationtog
尽管中国的经济影响力以及日益升温的爱国主义热情支持中国政府在亚洲地区事务中发挥更大的作用,但是从根本上讲,中国政府的战略举措一直颇为被动。中国仍然是一个被动的国际事务参与者,其外交举措主要集中在回击被中央政府视为别国挑衅的行为上,不过其对挑衅行为的判断却时
随机试题
科研课题
A.术后24小时下床活动B.术后卧床制动48小时C.术后卧床制动1周D.术后卧床制动2周E.术后卧床制动3周静脉血管重建术后应()
不使用颗粒性抗原的免疫反应是
A、续断B、巴戟天C、杜仲D、人参E、山药为治肾虚腰膝酸痛或筋骨无力要药的是()。
凡有条件者,截流时采用的材料均应优先选用()截流。
各国的高等教育招生制度,大体可分为两种方式,一种是高考选拔制,另一种是_______。
经过90年的奋斗、创造、积累,党和人民必须倍加珍惜、长期坚持、不断发展的成就不包括()。
确定两人从A地出发经过B、C、D沿逆时针方向行走一圈回到A的方案(如下图所示).其中,弧形代表山路,直线代表木桥,且每段山路或者木桥每次均只能有一人通过,则不同的方案有().
[*]
姚明是中国第一位国际篮球巨星,身价(personalwealth)超过10亿美元。前年,姚明因复发性足部和腿部伤病退出赛场。4个月后,他在上海一知名学府注册入校。学校为他量身定做了学位课程(degreeprogram),并主要采取单独授课的方式。据一家
最新回复
(
0
)