首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
考研
Alison Preston of the University of Texas at Austin’s Center for Learning and Memory explains: A short-term memory’s conversion
Alison Preston of the University of Texas at Austin’s Center for Learning and Memory explains: A short-term memory’s conversion
admin
2015-10-20
68
问题
Alison Preston of the University of Texas at Austin’s Center for Learning and Memory explains: A short-term memory’s conversion to a long-term memory requires changes within the brain that protect the memory from interference from competing stimuli or disruption from injury or disease. This time-dependent process of stabilization, whereby our experiences achieve a permanent record in our memory, is referred to as "consolidation".
Memory consolidation can occur at many organizational levels in the brain. The cellular and molecular portions of memory consolidation typically take place within the first minutes or hours of learning and result in changes to neurons(nerve cells)or sets of neurons. Systems-level consolidation, involving the reorganization of brain networks that handle the processing of individual memories can then happen on a much slower time frame of days or even years.
The consolidation process that affects declarative memories-recollections of general facts and specific events—relies on the function of some specific structures in the brain. At the cellular level, memory is expressed as changes to the structure and function of neurons. For example, new
synapses
—the connections between neurons through which they exchange information—can form to allow for communication between new networks of neurons. Alternatively, existing synapses can be strengthened to allow for increased sensitivity in the communication between two neurons.
Consolidating such synaptic changes requires the synthesis of new RNA and proteins in the structures, which transform temporary alterations in synaptic transmission into persistent modifications of synaptic architecture. With time, the brain systems also change. Initially, the specific structure works in concert with sensory-processing regions distributed in the neo-cortex(the outermost layer of the brain)to form the new memories. Within the neo-cortex, representations of the elements that constitute an event in our life are distributed across multiple brain regions according to their content.
When a memory is first formed, the specific structure rapidly combines this distributed information into a single memory, thus acting as an index of representations in the sensory-processing regions. As time passes, cellular and molecular changes allow for the strengthening of direct connections among the neocortical regions, enabling access to the memory independent of the structure. Thus, while damage to the structure from injury or particular disorder hampers the ability to form new declarative memories, such a disruption may not impair memories for facts and events that have already been consolidated. Thus, an amnesiac with hippocampal damage would not be able to learn the names of current presidential candidates but would be able to recall the identity of our 16th president.
Which of the following is true of the reorganization of brain networks?
选项
A、It takes up much longer time for days or even years.
B、It happens at the beginning time of learning.
C、It combines into an individual memory.
D、It happens at the stage of cellular level.
答案
A
解析
细节事实题。根据reorganization of brain networks可定位至第二段。由第二段末句可知脑网络重组较为缓慢,为期几天甚至几年,故选A。
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/SCzZ777K
0
考研英语一
相关试题推荐
TheteachingofEnglishasasecondlanguage(ESL)inschoolshashadahistoryofconflictingarguments,interestinginnovation
Whatimpactcanmobilephoneshaveontheirusers’health?Manypeopleworryaboutthesupposedilleffectscausedbyradiation
On-lineServiceTwitterInSeptember2008,Twitterco-founderBizStonesaidthecompanynevermettohammeroutbusinessmo
ThedomesticeconomyintheUnitedStatesexpandedinaremarkablyvigorousandsteadyfashion.Therevivalinconsumerconfiden
Assummerrollsaround,lawmakersinWashingtonarepreparingtovoteonajobsbillthatwouldinclude$1billionforsummerjo
(46)Attheendofthenineteenthcentury,arisinginterestinNativeAmericancustomsandanincreasingdesiretounderstandNa
Inaquietcourtroomtuckedawayinafederalbuildinghere,atitanicbattleiscompetingfreespeechagainstgovernmenteffort
A"LOSTTRIBE"thatreachedAmericafromAustraliamayhavebeen.thefirstNativeAmericans,accordingtoanewtheory.(46
Bankershavebeenblamingthemselvesfortheirtroublesinpublic.Behindthescenes,theyhavebeentakingaimatsomeoneelse;
"Itkeepsyougrounded,putsyouinasituationthatkeepsyououtoftrouble,andputsyouwithagroupthathasthesamemind-
随机试题
我国对教师实行的职业许可制度是
知觉
“纸上学来终觉浅,绝知此事要躬行”这句话蕴含的哲理是()
患者男性,主诉上腹痛。六个月前出现上腹疼痛,近日疼痛加重,无发热,无体重下降,二便正常。疼痛易发生在进大量脂肪食后,并向右背右肩放射。拟诊为____________。
下列说法错误的是
下列使用腋拐的方法不正确的是
手术后,胃肠减压管拔除的指征是
女,34岁。因1个月来发热、乏力、咳嗽,l天来左眼突然失明来院。既往有心脏杂音。查体:体温37.9℃,脉率96次/分,血压128/75mmHg,左眼视力消失,双肺(一),心界不大,心尖部3/6级收缩期吹风样杂音,肝未及,脾肋下可及。化验:Hb96g/L,
保证合同生效后,()应该在合同规定的保证范围和保证期间承担保证责任。
Lookatthenotesbelow.Someinformationismissing.Youwillheartwopeoplediscusshowtosavearacecourse.Foreachquesti
最新回复
(
0
)