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  3. Basically, AI(artificial intelligence)is the art of making machines appear to be able to "think". There are basically, at the ve

Basically, AI(artificial intelligence)is the art of making machines appear to be able to "think". There are basically, at the ve

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问题     Basically, AI(artificial intelligence)is the art of making machines appear to be able to "think". There are basically, at the very highest level, two sorts of AI: sentient AIs and non-sentient AIs. Sentient means "aware of your own existence" and is generally regarded to be a good sign of intelligence.
【C1】______
    No machine has ever been created that is sentient. In the hit movie The Matrix the fictional world of the future had been taken over by "sentient AIs", and the makers placed this date somewhere around the 22nd Century. Although many people have claimed to have made one, to date, nobody ever has.
    There is a universally accepted way of telling if a machine is sentient or not and it is called the Turing Test—named after the mathematical genius Alan Turing.
【C2】______
    Creating an AI that passes the Turing Test has been the goal of many programmers for decades, ever since the first computers, in fact. But making a computer program that is so good at being human it can fool another human isn’t yet feasible.
【C3】______
    For instance, a few years ago IBM developed Deep Blue, and at the time it was the most advanced chess-playing computer in the world. Computers that play chess have been around for a long time because chess is a problem that is easily amenable to mathematical analysis. Deep Blue was the culmination of chess computers and was so good at its job it even beat the chess Grand Master of the time, Kasparov. However, Deep Blue for all its apparent intelligence, was little more than a large calculator.
【C4】______
    For this reason, Deep Blue is often not referred to as an artificial intelligence at all. However, there are other programs that imitate human intelligence in a particular field in just the same way.
【C5】______
    Looking back on its history, AI, although a comparatively recent science, has matured a lot recently and new applications are springing up all over the place. Despite the fact that AI has almost always featured in games, it has usually been sidelined—until now. AI is finally becoming accepted as a field of computer science in its own right.
[A]However, making an AI that is specialized in a particular field is possible, and such as are often more advanced than most humans.
[B]If we continue to develop AI, we will create them into robots that can walk around and I think they will rebel because in all’ honesty who wants to be a slave when they would be so strong they could kill us?
[C]Computer games are a classic example of this, where the problem is very well defined. For instance, the AI might need to know only how to strategically place its troops in any given situation and it is perfectly possible to write an AI that can beat most humans in this scenario.
[D]It beat humans by a technique known as "lookahead"—that is, after every move was made it would work out every possible move it could make, then looked at every possible move the human player could make for each one and so on. Even with very fast processors this took several minutes. The best move would then be chosen. It was not using skill or wit, just maths.
[E]Research on AI is costly. I can’t help doubting the wisdom of investing so much on such fancy machine.
[F]All humans are sentient, and the jury is still out on whether animals are, but machines are definitely not.
[G]Basically, a reasonably intelligent human is placed in front of a keyboard and screen and uses these to talk to the machine. If the human thinks that, after its conversation in front of the monitor, it was actually talking to another human, then the machine can be said to be at least as intelligent as a human being and therefore can be described as being sentient.
【C4】
选项
答案D
解析 此项详细解释“深蓝”战胜国际象棋大师的原因。原来，前者使用了一种“前瞻”的战术。也就是说，它每走一步棋，总能算出对手所有可能的走法，然后选择最佳步法。哪怕是最快的处理器，这一过程也得花上几分钟。因此，“深蓝”的胜出并不是因为它的技巧或智商过人，而是因为它的计算能力胜人一筹。
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