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  3. Richard Satava, program manager for advanced medical technologies, has been a driving force in bringing virtual reality to medic

Richard Satava, program manager for advanced medical technologies, has been a driving force in bringing virtual reality to medic

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问题     Richard Satava, program manager for advanced medical technologies, has been a driving force in bringing virtual reality to medicine, where computers create a "virtual" or simulated environment for surgeons and other medical practitioners (从业者).
    "With virtual reality we’ll be able to put a surgeon in every trench," said Satava. He envisaged a time when soldiers who are wounded fighting overseas are put in mobile surgical units equipped with computers.
    The computers would transmit images of the soldiers to surgeons back in the U.S. The surgeons would look at the soldier through virtual reality helmets (头盔) that contain a small screen displaying the image of the wound. The doctors would guide robotic instruments in the battlefield mobile surgical unit that operate on the soldier.
    Although Satava’s vision may be years away from standard operating procedure, scientists are progressing toward virtual reality surgery. Engineers at an international organization in California are developing a tele-operating device. As surgeons watch a three-dimensional image of the surgery, they move instruments that are connected to a computer, which passes their movements to robotic instruments that perform the surgery. The computer provides feedback to the surgeon on force, textures, and sound.
    These technological wonders may not yet be part of the community hospital setting but increasingly some of the machinery is finding its way into civilian medicine. At Wayne State University Medical School, surgeon Lucia Zamorano takes images of the brain from computerized scans and uses a computer program to produce a 3-D image. She can then maneuver the 3-D image on the computer screen to map the shortest, least invasive surgical path to the tumor (肿瘤). Zamorano is also using technology that attaches a probe to surgical instruments so that she can track their positions. While cutting away a tumor deep in the brain, she watches the movement of her surgical tools in a computer graphics image of the patient’s brain taken before surgery.
    During these procedures—operations that are done through small cuts in the body in which a miniature camera and surgical tools are maneuvered—surgeons are wearing 3-D glasses for a better view. And they are commanding robot surgeons to cut away tissue more accurately than human surgeons can.
    Satava says, "We are in the midst of a fundamental change in the field of medicine. " (392 words )
How is virtual reality surgery performed?
选项 A、It is performed by a computer-designed high precision device.
B、Surgeons wear virtual reality helmets to receive feedback provided by a computer.
C、Surgeons move robotic instruments by means of a computer linked to them.
D、A 3-D image records the movements of the surgeons during the operation.
答案C
解析 本题属于细节推断题。根据关键词“virtual reality surgery”，可以将问题定位到文章第四段。该段第三句说，医生一面观察手术的三维图像，一面移动和一台计算机连着的手术器械，计算机将医生的移动信息传给实施手术的机器人器械，并向医生反馈关于力度、质地和声音的信息。据此，应选C“医生通过与之相连接的计算机来移动机器人器械”。A错在“computer-designed”，文中并没有说高精度设备是计算机设计的；B，这只是医生在手术时的一个局部情况，并不能说明虚拟现实手术如何进行；D，文中并未提及3一D形象记录医生的移动。
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