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  3. Low levels of literacy and numeracy have a damaging impact on almost every aspect of adults, according to a survey published yes

Low levels of literacy and numeracy have a damaging impact on almost every aspect of adults, according to a survey published yes

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问题     Low levels of literacy and numeracy have a damaging impact on almost every aspect of adults, according to a survey published yesterday, which offers (1)_____ of a developing underclass. Tests and (2)_____ with hundreds of people born in a week in 1958 graphically illustrated file (3)_____ of educational underachievement. The effects can be seen in unemployment, family (4)_____, low incomes, depression and social inactivity.
    Those who left school at 16 with poor basic skills had been employed for UP to four years less than good readers (5)_____ they reached 37. Professor John Bynner, of City University, who carried the research, said that today’s (6)_____ teenagers would even encounter greater problems because the supply of (7)_____ jobs had shrunk.
    Almost one fifth of the 1,700 people interviewed for yesterday’s report had poor literacy and almost half (8)_____ with innumeracy, a proportion (9)_____ other surveys for the Basic Skills Agency. Some could not read a child’s book, and most found difficult (10)_____ written instruction.
    Poor readers were twice as likely to be a low wage and four times likely to live in a household where partners worked. Women in this (11)_____ were five times as likely to be (12)_____ depressed, (13)_____ both tended to feel they had no control over their lives, and to trust others (14)_____.
    Those who had low literacy and numeracy were seldom (15)_____ in any community organization and less likely than others to (16)_____ in a general election. There had been no (17)_____ in the literary level of (18)_____.
    Alan Wells, the agency’s director, said: "The results emphasize the dangers of developing an underclass people, who were out of work, (19)_____ depressed and often labeled themselves as (20)_____. There is a circle of marginalization, with the dice against these people and their families."

选项 A、defect
B、backwardness
C、handicap
D、scarcity
答案C
解析 考查上下文语义衔接与近义辨析。这四个词均有"缺陷、不足"的含义，但要注意各自侧重点的不同：defect"(尤指生理上的)缺陷，不足"；backwardness"落后"；handicap"残疾，障碍，不利条件"；scarcity"缺乏，不足(尤指数量上的)"。此处指中下层阶级所遭受的教育方面的不足，因此选handicap。
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考研英语一

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