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  3. Language means that we have self-consciousness, which makes us a unique species able to control ourselves and our environments i

Language means that we have self-consciousness, which makes us a unique species able to control ourselves and our environments i

admin2014-04-20  53
问题     Language means that we have self-consciousness, which makes us a unique species able to control ourselves and our environments in ways that other animals cannot. However, a visit to the Monkey Sanctuary, near Looe in Cornwall, provided striking evidence of connections between monkey mother-child relations and that in humans.
    The monkeys there have usually been badly deprived of love or maltreated by humans. The scientists use their understanding and painstaking care to nurture the monkeys back to a more stable emotional state. As a review paper shows, there are important parallels between the impact of early maltreatment in other mammals and humans, and key implications for prevention of human emotional problems.
    The kind of early care a monkey receives precisely predicts its brain chemistry and the kind of adult it will become. Rhesus monkeys separated from their mothers at birth and reared without an alternative parent, only with their peers until the age of six months, are more easily scared of strangers and unfamiliar experiences than mother-reared ones.
    When threatened by social separation or isolation in later life, those monkeys separated from their mothers at birth have different brain and body chemistry. When they become mothers themselves, they are significantly more neglectful or abusive of their offspring than those who were mother-reared, repeating the cycle of deprivation.
    The similarity in mothering across generations could be simply a genetic inheritance, but this has been disproved. The amount of contact with the particular daughter has been compared with the mother’s average for all of her daughters. A daughter’s subsequent mothering reflects her particular experience rather than the average for all of her sisters. The unique care received determines subsequent pattern of mothering, rather than a genetic tendency inherited from the mother.
    Another theory is that a genetically difficult baby could make the mother uncaring. This was contradicted by a study of what are called highly reactive infant monkeys—ones that are very difficult to care for because they overreact to the slightest sound or movement.
    They were fostered out to either average mothers or exceptionally nurturing ones. The exceptionally nurtured young monkeys grew up even more socially well-adjusted than normal infants fostered by average mothers. Nurture was so influential, in other words, that it could turn a difficult infant into a superior adult. Furthermore, when the generation of offspring in the study grew up and themselves had infants, their parenting style, whether exceptionally nurturing or average, exactly mirrored the kind of care they had received as infants. This was regardless of whether their original infant personality had been highly reactive or not.
    Much of what goes for monkeys seems to go for humans too. It’s a simple but important point: babies and toddlers need consistent loving care if they are to grow up secure and mentally healthy. Well-conceived and executed interventions that improve mother-infant relationships can make all the difference.  
In Paragraph 7, the text shows nurture’s______.
选项 A、power to create super adults
B、influence on mothers-to-be
C、considerable research value
D、significance in child-rearing
答案D
解析 推断题。根据题干直接定位至第七段，通读该段，特别是带有关键词nurture的句子，可以发现该段在总结上文的实验，对比两种不同养育方式下成长的幼猴的基础上，强调了后天养育方式的重要性，故[D]“育儿的重要性”为答案。[A]“创造超人的能力”是对原文it could turn a difficult infant into a superioradult一句的曲解。根据原文，养育方式不仅对于将来要作母亲的幼猴很重要，对其他幼猴也很重要，故[B]“对未来母亲的影响”概括不够全面。至于[C]“可观的研究价值”在本段没有提及，故也应排除。
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