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  3. Six million people die every year as a result of tobacco smoking, according to an estimate by the World Health Organization. It

Six million people die every year as a result of tobacco smoking, according to an estimate by the World Health Organization. It

admin2019-08-08  31
问题    Six million people die every year as a result of tobacco smoking, according to an estimate by the World Health Organization. It is a number worth keeping in mind as the scientific disputes over electronic cigarettes continue to persist
   【F1】The US Food and Drug Administration last week announced a "historic rule" that gives it the right to regulate e-cigarettes—which vaporize nicotine—as it does tobacco products. Nearly all e-cigarettes will now have to go through an approval process, with sales to young people prohibited, and health warnings included on packaging and advertisements.
   Sylvia Burwell, the US Secretary of Health and Human Services, noted that 【F2】e-cigarette use is shooting up among young people in the United States, "creating a new generation of Americans who are at risk of addiction", even as cigarette smoking continues to decline.
   Some states are already ahead of federal law—California defined e-cigarettes as tobacco products. The European Union is also set to take a tougher stance. An EU-wide directive that comes into force this year on tobacco products will control nicotine content.
   These devices have split researchers. Some see a route to end the tobacco trouble. But other scientists see problems. 【F3】They fear that electronic devices undermine the message that smoking is bad, and offer people a nicotine fix in places where cigarettes have long been excluded. They fear a new age of nicotine, and that the six-million figure will rise.
   This difference of opinion has spilled messily over into the research arena. Published studies are ruthlessly picked apart by opposing sides. 【F4】Sometimes the fight happens even before publication, with journalists sent quotes that critique claims and conclusions before they are publicly available.
   Both sides are acting in good faith, but their arguments and increasingly rooted positions frequently generate more heat than light 【F5】To progress, researchers on both sides must establish what evidence should be gathered to answer the central question: how can e-cigarette use and regulation lead to the largest possible reduction in deaths from tobacco? Researchers should remain focused on the enemy that needs to be fought—the horrific harm caused by tobacco. Disputes are part of science. They must be conducted in the open, and no researcher—and no piece of research—can be immune from criticism. But the tobacco-science community must find a way forward. It is not exaggerating to say that millions of lives are at stake. Six million of them are, every year.
【F4】
选项
答案更有甚者，在研究成果发表前双方就已交战：文章观点与结论尚未公开发表，报刊经营者就已收到一些对其批评的言论。
解析 ①本句是一个复合句，主句主干是the fight happens even before publication．．．．意为“甚至是在发布之前，争执就开始了”。even before publication是时间状语，修饰happened，即指出争执开始的时间。②本句理解的难点在于with引导的介词短语，此处是作伴随状语，表示双方争执时的状态。③sent quotes是过去分词短语作后置定语，修饰journalists，实际上是指journalists were sent quotes。④that critique claims and conclusions是定语从句，修饰quotes，意为“批评文章的观点与结论”。⑤before they are publicly available是时间状语从句，they指代claims和conclusions，意为“在观点和结论尚未公开发表之前”。
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