2. 外语
  3. There are a great many people who have all the material conditions of happiness, i.e. health and a sufficient income, and who, n

There are a great many people who have all the material conditions of happiness, i.e. health and a sufficient income, and who, n

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问题     There are a great many people who have all the material conditions of happiness, i.e. health and a sufficient income, and who, nevertheless, are profoundly unhappy. In such cases it would seem as if the fault must lie with a wrong theory as to how to live. In one sense, we may say that any theory as to how to live is wrong. We imagine ourselves more different from the animals than we are. Animals live on impulse, and are happy as long as external conditions are favorable. If you have a cat it will enjoy life if it has food and warmth and opportunities for an occasional night on the tiles. Your needs are more complex than those of your cat, but they still have their basis in instinct. In civilized societies, especially in English-speaking societies, this is too apt to be forgotten. People propose to themselves some paramount objective, and restrain all impulses that do not minister to it. A businessman may be so anxious to grow rich that to this end he sacrifices health and private affections. When at last he has become rich, no pleasure remains to him except harrying other people by exhortations to imitate his noble example. Many rich ladies, al-though nature has not endowed them with any spontaneous pleasure in literature or art, decide to be thought cultured, and spend boring hours learning the right thing to say about fashionable new books that are written to give delight, not to afford opportunities for dusty snobbism.
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答案 很多人拥有获得幸福的全部物质条件，即健康的身体和丰足的收入。但他们却非常不快乐。如此说来，错误似乎是出在了生活的理论上。在某种意义上。我们可以说任何关于生活的理论都是不正确的。我们和动物的区别并没有我们想象的那么大。动物是凭本能生活的，只要客观条件有利，它们就会快乐。如果你有一只猫．它只要有东西吃，感到暖和，偶尔晚上有机会去寻欢，它就会很快活。你的需要比你的猫要复杂一些，但还是以本能为基础。在文明社会中，特别是在讲英语的社会中，这一点很容易被忘却。人们给自己定下一个最高的目标，对一切不利于实现这一目标的冲动都加以克制。
解析 1、本段语言简洁流畅，翻译的重点在于汉语表达，表意清晰、表述自然流畅为佳。
2、第1句的happiness译为“获得幸福”，采用了增译法，使译文意义更为明确。healthand a sufficient income译为“健康的身体和丰足的收入”，字数对等、形式工整，更符合汉语习惯。
3、who have all the material conditions of happiness和who，nevertheless，are profoundlyunhappy为句子的核心信息，故采用后置译法，将其译为独立分句；i．e．health and asufficient income为插入语，翻译时保留原形式。
4、第2句的the fault must lie with a wrong theory意指the fault is related to a wrongtheory。lie with意为“(责任等)在于”。
5、第4句的than we are后省略了actually different from animals，可调整语序．将整句话意译为“我们和动物的区别并没有我们想象的那么大”。
6、根据汉语复句先条件后结果的语序，翻译第6句的it will enjoy life时放在句子末端，符合汉语句子信息安排上焦点后置的特征。on the tiles是英语习语，表示“纵情狂欢”。
7、第8句的this is too apt to be forgotten应理解为this ist very likely to be forgotten．译为“这一点很容易被忘却”。
8、末句的minister to意为“给…以帮助”，如：minister to the sick and wounded(帮助伤病患者)。
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