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  3. For the past several years, I have been immersed in the study of friendship, and among the many things I have learned, one idea

For the past several years, I have been immersed in the study of friendship, and among the many things I have learned, one idea

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问题     For the past several years, I have been immersed in the study of friendship, and among the many things I have learned, one idea stands out: If you truly want to change some aspect of your life, developing friendships with people who aspire to the same goals as you do can lead to more successful endeavors than embarking on solitary efforts.
    Shortly after we make a decision to change our behavior, we often sense a softening of what at first felt like ironclad conviction. We blame ourselves for our inability to summon motivation and return to the poor habits we’re trying to break to comfort us, actively undenrdning our goals. What a disheartening cycle. But research shows that having friends with the same goal can interrupt that cycle.
    Researchers James Fowler and Nicholas Christakis have demonstrated that weight loss (and gain) spreads through friend groups, most likely via a process of altered norms. It’s not that you’ll necessarily adopt your friend’s new habits right away, but the seed will be planted. If you want to continue to feel close to her, you might even start adjusting your own routines (perhaps unconsciously) to align them more with hers.
    Friends can help you reinforce individual willpower. In The Power of Habit, Charles Duhigg recommends replacing the cues that trigger, and the rewards that follow, bad behaviors with new, healthier ones. The cue and reward of a real person knocking on your door for a joint jog, and a stimulating talk over coffee afterwards, is a particularly alluring replacement for whatever previously sucked you into sedentary TV watching.
    In a recent New York Times column, "How People Change," David Brooks noted that, "There’s a research suggesting that it’s best to tackle negative behaviors indirectly, by redirecting attention toward different, positive ones." Investing in fulfilling friendships with those who have the values and habits you admire will lift you up to those friends’ level more easily.
    The desire to be with, be like, and be liked by friends is primal. We’re all built to seek out strong bonds with friends on whom our very survival might have once been dependent. While we don’t necessarily need friends to help hunt or fight off predators these days, most of us probably still feel like we can’t live without them. Tap into that deep-down social motivation and you’ll not only be primed for success, you’ll take pleasure in the proverbial journey.
The example of joint jog is mentioned in Paragraph 4 to demonstrate that ________.
选项 A、friends help personal determination become stronger
B、contact with real person can be extremely rewarding
C、long-time TV watching is less alluring than sports
D、an encouraging talk over coffee enhances individual will
答案A
解析 根据题干可直接定位到第四段。该段第一句指出“朋友能帮助增强个人意志，随后用与人相约慢跑、喝咖啡聊天的例子来论证朋友能帮助增强个人意志这一观点，A项与此相符，并不是与任何人的接触都大有益处，B项过于笼统，仅仅是用该段第三句出现的real person和reward来制造干扰。第三句提出与鲜活的人一起慢跑是自己宅着看电视的一个很好的代替选择，而不是指体育运动比看电视更好，C项是偷换概念。第一句指出能够增强个人意志的是“朋友”，喝咖啡聊天只是举例内容的一部分，所强调的还是朋友所起的作用，而不是喝咖啡聊天的作用，故D项错误。这是一道典型的事例题，考查的是举例的目的。这一类题型在解答时具有一定规律。一般而言，事例的举证是为了说明或验证某个观点，而观点的位置一般就在事例周围，或前或后。所以在解答这一类题型时，要重点关注事例周围表达观点或结论的言语，特别是段落的首尾。
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