首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
外语
The American Two-party System I. Introduction A. the oldest political【T1】______ around the world【T1】______ B. the classical exam
The American Two-party System I. Introduction A. the oldest political【T1】______ around the world【T1】______ B. the classical exam
admin
2017-03-07
58
问题
The American Two-party System
I. Introduction
A. the oldest political【T1】______ around the world【T1】______
B. the classical example of two-party system: the American political system
— the dominant parties: the Democratic and the【T2】______ parties【T2】______
— the two-party system survived all attempts to assaults
C. About dozen parties that nominate【T3】______【T3】______
D. Americans inevitably become one of the two parties because
— there is usually no other place to go
— most Americans know where they【T4】______ in the system【T4】______
II. Two-party system is so strongly【T5】______ because【T5】______
A The way【T6】______ are conducted: the Americans elect【T6】______
—【T7】______【T7】______
— about 800,000 of other【T8】______,【T8】______
— the congressman from single-member districts
B. Organization of the House of Representatives ensures that
— major party can maintain its【T9】______【T9】______
— major party is likely to win
III. The consequences of the system
A the【T10】______ production of majorities【T10】______
— the competition between two parties
— the【T11】______ of the victory of the winning party【T11】______
B. The peaceful【T12】______【T12】______
— the party in power can be overrun by the party out of power
— two-party system cannot be destroyed
— the【T13】______ can survive the defeat because of【T13】______
a)the possibility of mamtaining a【T14】______ of the opposition【T14】______
b)the attraction of the support of those opposed to the party in power
C. the tendency for the major parties to be【T15】______,【T15】______
e.g. business is conducted across party lines
D. The work of the government carried on despite of divided party control
【T14】
The American Two-party System
Good morning, everyone. Today I’d like to discuss with you the two-party system in America. Basically speaking, nowadays, no one now living in the United States can remember when the contest began between the Democratic and Republican parties. It has been going on for more than a century, making it one of the oldest political rivalries in the world.
The American political system is a classical example of the two-party system. When we say that we have a two-party system in the United States we do not mean that we have only two parties. Usually about dozen parties nominate presidential candidates. We call it a two-party system because we have two large parties and a number of small parties, and the large parties are so large that we often forget about the rest. Usually the small parties collectively poll less than 5 per cent of the vote cast in national elections.
The Democratic and Republican parties are the largest and most competitive organizations in the American community. They organize the electorate very simply by maintaining the two-party system. Americans almost inevitably become Democrats or Republicans because there is usually no other place for them to go. Moreover, because the rivalry of these parties is very old, most Americans know where they belong in the system. As a consequence of the dominance of the major parties, most elected officials are either Republicans or Democrats. Attempts to break up this old system have been made in every presidential election in the past one hundred years, but the system has survived all assaults.
When comes to this point, you may be wondering how does it happen that the two-party system is so strongly rooted in American politics? The explanation is probably to be found in the way elections are conducted. In the United States, unlike countries with a parliamentary system of government, we elect not only the President, but a large number of other officials, about 800,000 of them. We also elect congressmen from single-member districts. For example, we elect 435 members of the House of Representatives from 435 districts, one member for each district. Statistically, this kind of election favors the major parties. The system of elections makes it easy for the major parties to maintain their dominant position, because they are likely to win more than their share of the offices.
As it has been clearly showed that one of the great consequences of the system is that it produces majorities automatically. Because there are only two competitors in the running, it is almost inevitable that one will receive a majority. Moreover, the system tends slightly to exaggerate the victory of the winning party. This is not always true, but the strong tendency to produce majorities is built into the system.
In over 200 years of constitutional history, Americans have learned much about the way in which the system can be managed so as to make possible the peaceful transfer of power from one party to the other. At the level of presidential elections, the party in power has been overturned by the party out of power nineteen times, almost once a decade. In the election of 1860, the political system broke down, and the Civil War, the worst disaster in American history, resulted. Our history justifies our confidence in the system but also shows that it is not foolproof.
The second major party is able to survive a defeat because the statistical tendency that exaggerates the victory of the winning party operates even more strongly in favor of the second party a-gainst the third, fourth, and fifth parties. As a result, the defeated major party is able to maintain a monopoly of the opposition. The advantage of the second party over the third is so great that it is the only party that is likely to be able to overturn the party in power. It is able, therefore, to attract the support of everyone seriously opposed to the party in power. The second party is important as long as it can monopolize the movement to overthrow the party in power, because it is certain to come into power sooner or later.
Another consequence of the two-party system is that whereas minor parties are likely to identify themselves with special interests or special programs and thus take extreme positions, the major parties are so large that they tend to be moderate. Evidence of the moderation of the major parties is that much business is conducted across party lines. What happens when the Democrats control one house of Congress and the Republicans control the other? About the same volume of legislation is passed as when one party controls both houses, although some important legislation is likely to be blocked temporarily. It is possible to carry on the work of the government even when party control is divided because party differences are not fundamental.
Finally, to sum up the lecture today. As we know that it is not an easy job to fully understand the two-party system in the United States of America. Therefore, I hope this lecture will at least give a gist of the history of the two-party system and how it works as one of the most complete political systems in the world.
选项
答案
monopoly
解析
讲座提到,失败的大党能够维持对反对派的垄断。录音使用的是monopoly一词,填入空格完全合适。
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/T77O777K
0
专业英语八级
相关试题推荐
AmongtheAmericanyoungintellectualsinthe1830sand1840s,whowasregardedastheleaderoftranscendalism?
Sincethedawnofe-mail,usingsarcasmindigitalcommunicationhascreatedstrifeandconfusionbetweenfriends,colleaguesan
Thereasonwhypeopleputonweightatworkisthat______.
JudgingbythewildlycheeringaudienceattheorgyofconsumerismthatwasOprahWinfrey’s"UltimateFavouriteThings"show,Am
Amongthecollegestudentsnowadays,thereisthetendencytoattachtoomuchimportancetoforeignholidays,whileneglectingo
EuropeanimmigrantstoColonialAmericabroughtwiththemtheirculture,traditionsandphilosophyabouteducation.Muchofthe
OneoftheprincipalofWalzer’scritiqueofliberalcapitalismisthatitisinsufficientlyegalitarian.Walzer’scaseagainst
OneoftheprincipalofWalzer’scritiqueofliberalcapitalismisthatitisinsufficientlyegalitarian.Walzer’scaseagainst
T.S.Eliotwasaleaderofthe______movementinEnglishpoetryandagreatinnovatorofversetechnique.
A、Thedoorarmrest.B、Thedashboard.C、Thewindscreen.D、Thefrontseat.B本题考查的是什么使年轻女士的腿受伤,对话中警察问年轻女士是不是从挡风玻璃中穿过去.Mr.Simpson说并非
随机试题
下列属于恶性肿瘤的是
梅毒所导致的眼部病变有()
患者,女,23岁。2周来右上后牙遇冷热过敏。检查:左上6DO深龋,探之未穿髓,病变组织颜色较浅,易剔除。这种龋齿称为
地下管线点的测量精度:相对于邻近控制点,点位高程中误差不超过()。
【背景资料】某热力管线暗挖隧道,长3.4km,断面有效尺寸为3.2m×2.8m.埋深3.5m。隧道穿越地层为砂土层和砂砾层,除局部有浅层滞水外,无需降水。承包方A公司通过招标将穿越砂砾层段468m隧道开挖及初期支护分包给B专业公司。
根据《UCP600》,海运提单表面上注明承运人的名称,()。
某旅行社对学生团体旅游提出如下优惠方案:每人享受八二折(即原价的82%)优惠,且如果人数多于5人,则有1人可全部免费,但不得分成多个旅游团。现有一个9名学生的旅游团参加该旅行社组织的旅游团组,则人均费用大约优惠了()。
行政处分:是指国家机关、企事业单位依照法律或规定赋予的权限,根据法律或有关规章制度,按照行政隶属关系,给予违反规章制度或犯有轻微失职行为尚不够刑事处分者的一种制裁。根据上述定义,下列不属于行政处分的是:
隋朝学者陆法言编写了()书,统一了书面音韵,奠定了音韵学基础。
“庆”是_______结构。
最新回复
(
0
)