首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
外语
Part Ⅱ Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage q
Part Ⅱ Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage q
admin
2013-06-02
30
问题
Part Ⅱ Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning)
Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on Answer Sheet 1. For questions 1-7, choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). For questions 8-10, complete the sentences with the information given in the passage.
Characteristics of a Good Speaker
In speaking, as in most human activities, success depends upon a combination of factors. A good speaker, according to most authorities both ancient and modern, must have integrity, knowledge, self-confidence, and skill.
Integrity
Some nineteen hundred years ago the Roman teacher Quintilian insisted that a good speaker must first of all be a good man. Listeners, Quintilian maintained, cannot separate what is said from the person who says it: they are influenced by their impression of the speaker as well as by the arguments he presents.
If a person is habitually unreliable, speech training may give him skills, but it cannot make him effective. His actions will contradict his words: he cannot convincingly urge honesty in government if he himself cheats in school or business; his appeal for an open mind in others will go unheeded if he himself is bigoted (偏执的). Even a speaker’s choice of words and arguments betrays his character, for he may habitually appear to dodge issues rather than face them or to say what is popular rather than say what is true or just. A speaker of poor character may succeed for a time, but in the long run he will be found out and his appeals will be discounted.
Knowledge
Acquiring the knowledge necessary to become a good speaker is a lifelong and cumulative (累积的) task. Through thoughtful reading, listening, and observing, you can gain increased intellectual depth and maturity. While the first speeches you deliver may be on relatively simple subjects and may be based in part on personal experiences, they should present worthwhile ideas and considered convictions. Soon you will want to reach out beyond immediate and familiar topics--to learn and to speak about subjects in new fields. The more you learn about many subjects, the more effective your speaking will become. Moreover, what you say on any particular topic will reflect the knowledge and understanding of the educated person.
Confidence
A self-confident speaker has an erect but comfortable posture; natural, easy gestures; direct eye contact with his audience; and earnestness and energy in his voice. Moreover, he adapts his information and arguments to the attitudes of his listeners.
Many factors help determine the amount of nervousness a speaker may feel--including the amount of sleep he had the night before his speech, But the experience of many generations of speakers has shown that, in addition to preparing carefully, you can do much to increase your poise and self-control by following three simple rules:
1. Speak as often as you can. The first time a person drives a car or flies an airplane alone, he is likely to be tense and unsure of himself, but with each additional experience his confidence grows. In the same way, each successful speech you make will strengthen your self-assurance. Welcome every opportunity to speak, both in your classes and to groups in the community. Select subjects that you know a good deal about and that you are deeply interested in. Prepare your talks carefully. You will find that after a time speaking becomes a pleasant rather than a painful experience.
2. Remember that some nervous tension is both natural and good for you. Even in the deepest sleep our muscles are never completely relaxed. When we are awake our "muscle tension" is higher, and it increases still more when the mind or body is called upon for some unusual exertion (努力). Naturally, then, when you stand up to talk to a group of people, the tension of your muscles will rise. But this only means that you are more alert and alive. Much of the sparkle that we admire in good speakers comes from this physical verve and energy. If you are keyed up before you begin to speak, regard this as a good sign; it means that there is small chance of your making a dull or listless speech.
3. Never allow yourself to give up. Each time you meet a situation and master it, the more confident you will become; each time you acknowledge yourself beaten or evade an issue, the less confident you will be the next time. Avoid setting yourself too difficult a task in your first speeches--that is, avoid subjects that are detailed or complex--but once you have begun to work on a topic, go through with the job. Confidence, like muscles, develops by overcoming resistance.
Skill
Fluency, poise control of voice, and coordinated movements of the body mark the skillful speaker. Combined with the qualities of integrity, knowledge, and self-confidence, such skills heighten the speaker’s effectiveness by enabling him to communicate his ideas clearly and attractively.
Skill in speaking is gained principally through practice. In practicing, however, take care not to develop artificiality. Good speaking is distinct and lively; it is forceful, but it is also natural and conversational; it commands attention because of the speaker’s earnest desire to communicate. Note how speech becomes ineffective when these principles are violated. Doubtless you will recognize some of the following types of speakers:
The Elocutionist--one who talks for display rather than communication. He permits himself to be carried away by the sound of his voice and the graceful manipulation of his body, and forgets that his purpose is not to display his own speaking skills, but to get other people to understand or believe.
The Verbal Gymnast--one who makes a parade of language. He never uses a familiar word if he can find an esoteric (难解的)one; he delights in complex sentences and mouth-filling phrases. Disraeli once described the verbal gymnast as a man "intoxicated with the exuberance (精力旺盛)of his own verbosity (啰嗦)."
The Gibberer--one who emits a continuous stream of words with little or no thought behind them. He jumps from one point to another until his listeners are thoroughly confused. He usually concludes his speech with the abrupt remark, "Well, I guess that’s all I have to say on the subject."
The Hermit--one who mumbles to himself. He may have a wealth of ideas, well-organized and developed, but he looks at the ceiling or floor, talks in a weak, monotonous voice, and makes no effort to be heard or understood.
The Culprit--one who seems ashamed of what he is saying. He shrinks from his hearers both in voice and manner. Sometimes he apologizes verbally; always he seems self-conscious and tentative. He is never forthright in his statements, and thus gives the impression that he does not believe them himself.
How can you develop the natural, energetic, conversational delivery which the Elocutionist and his fellow "orators" lack? For the present it will help you speak in a lively, conversational way if you always: have something you want to say; want someone else to understand or believe it and say it as simply and directly as you can.
The verbal gymnast likes using complex sentences and mouth-filling phrases just as making a ______.
选项
答案
parade of language
解析
题干考查对the verbal gymnast的理解。根据开头的破折号可知one who makes a parade of language是对 the verbal gymnast的一个综合定义,下文是对其的进一步说明。再根据题干空格前动词make和冠词a,可推知 parade of language与之搭配,故为正确答案。
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/TA67777K
0
大学英语六级
相关试题推荐
OnDecember25,2000,manypeopleacrossNorthAmericareceivedarareChristmastreatwhenthemoonpassedinfrontofthesun
InNovember1965,NewYorkwasblackedoutbyanelectricityfailure.The【B1】______promisedthatitwouldnothappenagain.Pes
A、Becauseshefeelsveryhotintheroom.B、Becauseshewantstoavoidmeetingpeople.C、Becauseshewantstosmokeacigarette
SuggestionsforImprovingReadingSpeedImprovementofReadingRateItissafetosaythatalmostanyonecandoublehisorh
A、Theweekendhasdecreasedinlength.B、Thenumberofnationalholidayshasincreased.C、Peopleworkfewerdaysperweek.D、Peo
Oneofthegreatestconcernsparentshavewhenfacinganinternationalmoveis,"Whatschoolwillbe【C1】______tomychild?Will
Oneofthegreatestconcernsparentshavewhenfacinganinternationalmoveis,"Whatschoolwillbe【C1】______tomychild?Will
Thepurposeofwritingthearticleisto______.Peopledislikerunningbecausethey______.
Thepurposeofwritingthearticleisto______.Whatdoyouknowabout“powerwalking”fromthepassage?
A、Englishteachersusuallylikereadingalot.B、TheEnglishliketoreadalotandlistentomusic.C、NoteveryonefromEngland
随机试题
骨髓涂片在低倍显微镜下就容易识别的细胞种类是
男17岁,患ALL,经化疗后已完全缓解3个月,但最近发现右侧睾丸无痛性肿大,骨髓检查仍正常,诊断为睾丸白血病。针对该病的治疗措施是()(2005年)
对于设备的有形和无形磨损,下列说法错误的是()。
进口食品经营企业在批发、零售进口食品时应持有当地检验检疫机构签发的进口食品卫生证书。( )
根据车船税法律制度的规定,下列车船中,应征收车船税的是()。
华星公司成立于2011年,是一家致力于汽车零配件研发、生产及销售的公司。2015年公司拟实行全面预算管理体系,并于2015年底由财务总监牵头各部门负责人成立预算管理小组,该小组根据公司的发展战略和经营计划直接编制2016年年度预算草案,由总经理审核通过并下
让学生感受生命的可贵,养成自尊自信、乐观向上、意志坚强的人生态度。这属于思想品德课程目标中的()。
下列关于社会工作和社会保障的区别,说法错误的是()。
阅读以下文字,完成以下小题。地衣是植物界中结构奇特、与众不同的一个大家族,它分泌的地衣酸可腐蚀岩石,对土壤的形成起着开拓作用。堪称不毛之地的“拓荒先锋”。长期以来,地衣的结构都是不解之谜。直到1867年,德国植物学家西蒙.释义德奈尔才揭
TheBermudaTriangle(百莫大三角区)isoneofthegreatestmysteriesofthesea.ItissaidthatChristopherColumbuswasthefirstpe
最新回复
(
0
)