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  3. Answer Questions by referring to the brief introduction about four different cities in the U.S. Note: When more than one answer

Answer Questions by referring to the brief introduction about four different cities in the U.S. Note: When more than one answer

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问题     Answer Questions by referring to the brief introduction about four different cities in the U.S. Note: When more than one answer is required, these may be given in any order. Some choices may be required more than once.
    A=St. Joseph   B=Springfield   C=St. Louis   D=Kansas
    Which city/cities...
A
    St. Joseph Through the 1840s and 1850s, St. Joseph developed a prosperous trade exchanging staples, guns, and hardware from the east for the hides and furs brought in from the west by grizzled mountain men. When, in 1849, gold was discovered in California, the rush of immigrants generated an economic boom in St. Joseph. Because cholera had broken out at Independence and Westport, many immigrants were diverted to St. Joseph where they were provisioned with foodstuffs, harnesses, gear, guns, and guides.
    St. Joseph was established as a livestock market at a very early date. In 1846, John Corby built a slaughtering house, The brisk market for cattle in California made St. Joseph a natural location for the sale of cattle to be herded west. Cows purchased in Missouri for $10 a head brought $150 in California. The Colorado gold rush in 1858 brought on another round of brisk outfitting trade and expanded the trail herd and slaughtering businesses. At the end of the Civil War in 1866, drovers from Texas attempted to herd some 260 000 longhorn cattle through Southwest Missouri to the railhead at Sedalia, but were detoured west through Kansas to the railroad center of St. Joseph. The lean and stringy meat from the longhorn cattle was suitable for canning purposes and a large industry was in the making. Stockyards were built in St. Joseph in 1887, when Gustavis Swift purchased the stockyards and built a major packing house. By the 1920s half a million animals per year were butchered at the St. Joseph stockyards.
B
    Springfield According to H.J. Nelson’s classification of U.S. cities, based on 1950 census data, Springfield is an important transportation and wholesaling center. In 1950 the chief city-forming industries were railroads, retailing, and wholesaling. As early as 1917 the wholesale houses of the city were doing a business of nearly $20 million annually, and more than 1,000 traveling representatives for these concerns made their homes in Springfield. The main shops of the St. Louis and San Francisco (Frisco) Railway were at that time Springfield’s largest single employer.
    In 1917, the city was already a manufacturing center of importance. In addition to the Frisco shops, there were ironworks, furniture manufacturers, stove companies, four large flour mills, several large cold-storage plants, packing plants, two or three firms handling poultry products and produce, cooperates, carriage factories, and the Springfield Wagon Company, which turned out 6 000 farm and logging wagons annually.
    The 1980 Missouri Directory of Manufacturing shows Springfield to be a city of diverse manufacturers. Food products, printing, electrical machinery and supplies, and chemicals are especially important. Nearly two-thirds of the manufacturing firms listed in the directory have located in Springfield since 1940. Among the largest employers are Zenith Television (1,500), the Burlington Northern general offices and shops (2,000), Lily Tulip Incorporated (1,250), Dayco Corporation (1,300), and Kraft Foods (1,000). These and other smaller plants employ many workers from surrounding towns and farms.
C
    St. Louis The founding of St. Louis represented a further exploitation of the natural resources of the wilderness as well as an impulse toward home making and state building. In the forty years before the Louisiana Purchase, it became the center of exchange for the goods of hunters and trappers. It also developed important commercial relations with the Spanish Southwest over the Santa Fe Frail. It was the entrepot for white settlement of the Mississippi valley region and the lands drained by the western tributaries. When Louisiana was purchased in 1803, French and Spanish—both recent arrivals from Europe and from the new world colonies, Blacks from Guinea or the Congo, Indians from nine to ten tribes, French couriers and voyagers, Saxon hunters from the Appalachians, American flatboat men, Puritans, soldiers, politicians, and immigrants from England and Ireland all walked the street of St. Louis. This polyglot society seeking the riches of trade was already under pressure, however, from a society of farmer-home builders. Although the Indian trade remained strong for many years afterward, the arrival of the steamboat Zebulon M. Pike in 1817 marked the beginning of a flood of new permanent settlers.
D
    Kansas John C. McCoy—businessman, trader, real estate promoter, and founder of Westport—established a freight landing on the river where a flat rock slanted from the bank some 18 miles (28.96 km) above Independence and north of the present central business district. Westport Landing, as the settlement was known, was purchased in 1838 by the Kansas Town Company and by 1848 had grown to a population of 700. In 1850, it was recognized as the "Town of Kansas" by the Jackson County court. By that time the town’s population had declined by about half because of a cholera epidemic. The Missouri General Assembly chartered the town in 1853 as the "City of Kansas", marking the beginning of a long period of prosperity and population growth.
    At the time of its charter, the city comprised 0.98 square miles (2.5 km2). In 1859, the city annexed land to the south extending its boundaries from Ninth Street to Twentieth Street, bringing the total area to 3.82 square miles (9.8 km2). By 1860, Westport had declined to about 1,200 citizens, but Kansas City had grown to a population of 4,418. A bird’s-eye map of Kansas City in January 1869 depicted seven steamboats on the waterfront.
选项 A、 
B、 
C、 
D、 
答案C
解析 "St. Louis"这一部分的第二句指出：In the forty years...it became the center of exchange for the goods of hunters and trappers，即它是猎人和捕兽者的物品交易中心，故本题答案为C。
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