首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
外语
Because early man viewed illness as divine punishment and healing as purification, medicine and religion were inextricably linke
Because early man viewed illness as divine punishment and healing as purification, medicine and religion were inextricably linke
admin
2023-03-07
63
问题
Because early man viewed illness as divine punishment and healing as purification, medicine and religion were inextricably linked for centuries. This notion is apparent in the origin of our word "pharmacy," which comes from the Greek
pharmakon
, meaning "purification through purging."
By 3500 B.C., the Sumerians in the Tigris-Euphrates Valley had developed virtually all of our modern methods of administering drugs. They used gargles, inhalations, pills, lotions, ointments, and plasters. The first drug catalog, or pharmacopoeia, was written at that time by an unknown Sumerian physician. Preserved in cuneiform script on a single clay tablet are the names of dozens of drugs to treat ailments that still afflict us today.
The Egyptians added to the ancient medicine chest The Ebers papyrus, a scroll dating from the 1900 B.C.and named after the German Egyptologist George Ebers, reveals the trial-and-error know-how acquired by early Egyptian physicians. To relieve indigestion, a chew of peppermint leaves and carbonates (known today as antacids) was prescribed, and to numb the pain of tooth extraction, Egyptian doctors temporarily stupefied a patient with ethyl alcohol. The scroll also provides a rare glimpse into the hierarchy of ancient drug preparation. The "chief of the preparers of drugs" was the equivalent of a head pharmacist, who supervised the "collectors of drugs", field workers who gathered essential minerals and herbs. The "preparers’ aides," (technicians) dried and pulverized ingredients, which were blended according to certain formulas by the "preparers." And the "conservator of drugs" oversaw the storehouse where local and imported mineral, herb and animal-organ ingredients were kept.
By the 7th century BC, the Greeks had adopted a sophisticated mind-body view of medicine. They believed the physician must pursue the diagnosis and treatment of the physical (body) causes of disease within a scientific framework, as well as cure the supernatural (mind) components involved. Thus, the early Greek physician emphasized something of a
holistic
approach to health, even if the suspected "mental" causes of disease were not recognized as stress and depression, but interpreted as curses from displeased deities.
The modern era of pharmacology began in the 16th century, ushered in by the first major discoveries in chemistry. The understanding of how chemicals interact to produce certain effects within the body would eventually remove much of the guesswork and magic from medicine. Drugs had been launched on a scientific course, but centuries would pass before superstition was displaced by scientific fact One major reason was that physicians, unaware of the existence of disease-causing
pathogens
, continued to dream up imaginary causative evils. And though new chemical compounds emerged, their effectiveness in treating disease was still based largely on trial and error. Many standard, common drugs in the medicine chest were developed in this trial-and-error environment. Such is the complexity of disease and human biochemistry that even today, despite enormous strides in medical science, many of the latest sophisticated additions to our medicine chest shelves were accidental finds.
The 7th-century Greek’s view of medicine differed from that of the Sumerians as the Greeks _____.
选项
A、developed most of the preparations of modem drugs
B、established a hierarchy for the preparation of drugs
C、adopted both the mental and physical root causes of illness
D、discovered more advanced chemical applications of drugs
答案
C
解析
第4段提到古希腊人的医学观,第1句说到古希腊人在医学中采取一种复杂的医学身心观(body-mind view of medicine)。第2句提到,古希腊人认为医生对疾病的生理(身体)原因进行诊断和治疗,并治愈超自然(精神)方面的“病”。可判断古希腊人治病时候要从生理和心理两方面找出病因,故C正确。
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/TPcD777K
本试题收录于:
CATTI三级笔译综合能力题库翻译专业资格(CATTI)分类
0
CATTI三级笔译综合能力
翻译专业资格(CATTI)
相关试题推荐
TheoutbreakofswinefluthatwasfirstdetectedinMexicowasdeclaredaglobalepidemiconJune11,2009.Itisthefirstwor
Justsevenyearsago,theTexasLegislatureprescribedthatallhighschoolersmustpasstwomathcoursesandgeometrytogradua
Rememberbooks?Theywerethosepiecesofpaperwithwordsprintedonthem【C1】________inbetweentwo,sometimes,【C2】________cove
Peekthroughtheinspectionwindowsofthenearly100three-dimensional(3D)printersquietlymakingthingsatRedEye,acompany
Nowadays,amateurphotographyhasbecomeatroublingissue.Citizensofrichcountrieshavegotusedtobeingwatchedbyclosed-
WhydoweneedtheEnglishmajor?The【C1】________isineverymouth—or,atleast,isdiscussedextensivelyincolumnsand【C2】____
[A]Uniqueness[B]Attentiveness[C]Communication[D]Personalization[E]Appreciation[F]Recognitio
Inwhicharticle(s)does(do)theauthor(s)providethefactthatcountriesvaryintheirconceptofadulthood?【P1】__
Inwhicharticle(s)does(do)theauthor(s)providethefactthatcountriesvaryintheirconceptofadulthood?【P1】__
Inwhicharticle(s)does(do)theauthor(s)providethefactthatcountriesvaryintheirconceptofadulthood?【P1】__
随机试题
[*]
患者经治1周后,身热已退,黄疸减轻,呕吐止,唯胁肋隐痛,脘痞腹胀,食少口干苦,小便赤苔腻,脉弦数。
老年人合理的饮食结构中下列哪些项是对的
某养殖户饲养蛋鸡四千多羽,时有体况肥胖的母鸡突然死亡,产蛋率从75%~85%下降至45%~55%或更低。病鸡喜卧,腹大而软松下垂,冠、髯苍白。重病者嗜睡、瘫痪,一般从出现症状到死亡1~2d,有的病例在数小时内即死亡。剖检:病鸡的皮下、腹腔、肠系膜表面有脂肪
A.升膜式蒸发器B.降膜式蒸发器C.刮板式薄膜蒸发器D.离心式薄膜蒸发器E.管式蒸发器利用高速旋转的转子,将药液刮布成均匀薄膜而进行蒸发,适用于易结垢料液
设直线方程为x=y-1=z,平面方程为x-2y+x=0,则直线与平面:
一个城市的建设发展,如果说建筑是她的脊梁,环境是她的容貌,那市民的文明素质就是她的________。而文化作为承载文明的基石,特别是当跨越时空的优秀传统文化理念、价值标准、审美风范被重新________,转化为现代人们的精神追求和行为养成时,那她_____
在形式意义上,世界上大多数国家的宪法属于()(2011年非法学综合课单选第22题)
表名为Employee的表结构是(职工号,姓名,工资),建立表Employee的SQL命令是
Theprofessorfoundhimselfconstantly______thequestion;Howcouldanyonedothesethings?
最新回复
(
0
)