首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
外语
Because early man viewed illness as divine punishment and healing as purification, medicine and religion were inextricably linke
Because early man viewed illness as divine punishment and healing as purification, medicine and religion were inextricably linke
admin
2023-03-07
59
问题
Because early man viewed illness as divine punishment and healing as purification, medicine and religion were inextricably linked for centuries. This notion is apparent in the origin of our word "pharmacy," which comes from the Greek
pharmakon
, meaning "purification through purging."
By 3500 B.C., the Sumerians in the Tigris-Euphrates Valley had developed virtually all of our modern methods of administering drugs. They used gargles, inhalations, pills, lotions, ointments, and plasters. The first drug catalog, or pharmacopoeia, was written at that time by an unknown Sumerian physician. Preserved in cuneiform script on a single clay tablet are the names of dozens of drugs to treat ailments that still afflict us today.
The Egyptians added to the ancient medicine chest The Ebers papyrus, a scroll dating from the 1900 B.C.and named after the German Egyptologist George Ebers, reveals the trial-and-error know-how acquired by early Egyptian physicians. To relieve indigestion, a chew of peppermint leaves and carbonates (known today as antacids) was prescribed, and to numb the pain of tooth extraction, Egyptian doctors temporarily stupefied a patient with ethyl alcohol. The scroll also provides a rare glimpse into the hierarchy of ancient drug preparation. The "chief of the preparers of drugs" was the equivalent of a head pharmacist, who supervised the "collectors of drugs", field workers who gathered essential minerals and herbs. The "preparers’ aides," (technicians) dried and pulverized ingredients, which were blended according to certain formulas by the "preparers." And the "conservator of drugs" oversaw the storehouse where local and imported mineral, herb and animal-organ ingredients were kept.
By the 7th century BC, the Greeks had adopted a sophisticated mind-body view of medicine. They believed the physician must pursue the diagnosis and treatment of the physical (body) causes of disease within a scientific framework, as well as cure the supernatural (mind) components involved. Thus, the early Greek physician emphasized something of a
holistic
approach to health, even if the suspected "mental" causes of disease were not recognized as stress and depression, but interpreted as curses from displeased deities.
The modern era of pharmacology began in the 16th century, ushered in by the first major discoveries in chemistry. The understanding of how chemicals interact to produce certain effects within the body would eventually remove much of the guesswork and magic from medicine. Drugs had been launched on a scientific course, but centuries would pass before superstition was displaced by scientific fact One major reason was that physicians, unaware of the existence of disease-causing
pathogens
, continued to dream up imaginary causative evils. And though new chemical compounds emerged, their effectiveness in treating disease was still based largely on trial and error. Many standard, common drugs in the medicine chest were developed in this trial-and-error environment. Such is the complexity of disease and human biochemistry that even today, despite enormous strides in medical science, many of the latest sophisticated additions to our medicine chest shelves were accidental finds.
The 7th-century Greek’s view of medicine differed from that of the Sumerians as the Greeks _____.
选项
A、developed most of the preparations of modem drugs
B、established a hierarchy for the preparation of drugs
C、adopted both the mental and physical root causes of illness
D、discovered more advanced chemical applications of drugs
答案
C
解析
第4段提到古希腊人的医学观,第1句说到古希腊人在医学中采取一种复杂的医学身心观(body-mind view of medicine)。第2句提到,古希腊人认为医生对疾病的生理(身体)原因进行诊断和治疗,并治愈超自然(精神)方面的“病”。可判断古希腊人治病时候要从生理和心理两方面找出病因,故C正确。
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/TPcD777K
本试题收录于:
CATTI三级笔译综合能力题库翻译专业资格(CATTI)分类
0
CATTI三级笔译综合能力
翻译专业资格(CATTI)
相关试题推荐
AdecadeagobiologistsidentifiedaremoteprotectedareainnorthernLaos,calledNamEt-PhouLouey,asthecountry’sprobable
Inourcontemporaryculture,theprospectofcommunicatingwith—orevenlookingat—astrangerisvirtuallyunbearable.Everyone
Peoplehavespeculatedforcenturiesaboutafuturewithoutwork.Todayisnodifferent,withacademics,writers,andactivists
Weighingyourselfregularlyisawonderfulwaytostayawareofanysignificantweightfluctuations.【C1】________,whendonetoo
TheUnitedStatesiswidelyrecognizedtohaveaprivateeconomybecauseprivatelyownedbusinessesplay【C1】________roles.TheA
Couldyoursmartphonepreventacarfromhittingyou?GeneralMotorsandotherresearchersthinkthat’sapossibility【C1】_______
Peekthroughtheinspectionwindowsofthenearly100three-dimensional(3D)printersquietlymakingthingsatRedEye,acompany
Doctorsalreadyknowthatpeoplewhosmokecandamagetheirhearing.ThelateststudyinthejournalTobaccoControl,【C1】_______
Oneoftheliveliestdebatesinlinguisticsisoverwhetheralllanguagessharefundamentalproperties.Ifso,perhapslanguage
随机试题
A.当归身B.生地黄C.川楝子D.枸杞子E.北沙参、麦冬
受弯构件减小受力裂缝宽度最有效的措施之一是:
下列说法中,不正确的是( )。在下列的选项中,承诺的有效条件不包括( )。
下列建设工程安全隐患的不安全因素中,属于“物的不安全状态”的是()。
企业发生的未决担保诉讼,如果律师或法律顾问等出具的书面意见上表明企业败诉的可能性大于胜诉的可能性,并且损失金额能够合理估计,就应当将损失金额()。
下列各项中,有限合伙企业因下列原因应予解散的有()。
该求助者的主要症状是()。BPRS量表的特点是()。
阅读下面材料,回答问题。小刘到某小学工作以来注重尖子生的培养,培养的尖子生多次在全校学生诗歌比赛、演讲比赛申获得好的成绩。但校长发现她经常对那些不听课、顽皮、不讲卫生的学生采取罚站、不许进教室、罚打扫卫生等措施惩罚。家长知道后,多次找她交换意见,
垄断资本主义的实质是()
(电子表格题)晓雨任职人力资源部门,她需要对企业员工Office应用能力考核报告进行完善和分析。按照如下要求帮助晓雨完成数据处理工作。依据自定义序列“研发部→物流部→采购部→行政部→生产部→市场部”的顺序进行排序;如果部门名称相同,则按照平均成绩由高到
最新回复
(
0
)