首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
外语
Complete the notes below. Write NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS for each answer. CLIMATE AND ARCHITECTURE Cases and examples are from pra
Complete the notes below. Write NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS for each answer. CLIMATE AND ARCHITECTURE Cases and examples are from pra
admin
2018-04-05
53
问题
Complete the notes below.
Write NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS for each answer.
CLIMATE AND ARCHITECTURE
Cases and examples are from practice conducted in【L31】______ as well as rural areas.
Acid rain
The chemicals have devastating effects on the architecture.
The government try to reduce the negative effects.
Funds have been received from a【L32】______.
【L33】______ experience lower levels of acid in damaging pollutants.
In recent years, Alter Project focuses on the buildings made of【L34】______.
Pollution
One of the main sources of pollution is from the construction industry.
【L35】______ is used to reduce pollution in Sky Tower.
Construction is affected by the increased【L36】______ in winter.
Humidity affects the【L37】______ buildings whose grain can be condensed by moisture from the air.
Building & Technology
Ground conditions can be a problem when the density of the【L38】______ is wrong.
Architects can now monitor the【L39】______ of buildings.
The government should make【L40】______ for the architects.
【L36】
Welcome class to your very first lecture in this series on Architecture conducted by myself, Dr Torben Dahl. Today we will be looking into the relationship between climate and architecture, where I will be giving you a critical overview of the main climate influences that shape the design of buildings. Throughout this lecture series we will be looking at the latest research into climatic design carried out by experts in the field in addition to case studies and examples drawn from modernist practice both in [31]cities and rural areas.
Now, acid rain is one of the climatic elements with the most devastating effects on our architecture. The chemicals in acid rain can cause paint to peel, corrosion of steel structures such as bridges, and erosion of stone statues. Since the 1970s, our government has been making great effort to reduce the release of these chemicals into the atmosphere with positive results. Private organisations have also been raising awareness and funds and recently received a huge donation from the [32]bank. It is interesting to look at the studies that have been carried out into the effects of acid rain at varying altitudes. Research has shown that there are lower levels of acid in the damaging pollutants at higher altitudes, meaning that [33]skyscrapers are much less vulnerable to the negative effects as they are exposed to acid rain with far lower levels of damaging pollutants.
Recently, the Alter Project was founded to carry out further research into acid rain. This project is directed towards studying the effects of acid rain on old, traditional buildings of [34]stone construction that are vulnerable to damage caused by acid rain. Masonry is particularly vulnerable as it is easily corroded and weakened by the acidic chemicals. It is imperative that we protect these buildings, as they are valuable examples of our history and culture.
Pollution is one of the main sources of concern in the present day. The construction industry contributes considerably as a source of pollution in its day-to-day processes of creating building materials such as concrete and glass, however, more new sustainable methods are being developed to counter this. A recent case study for this is Sky Tower, whose windows have been made from [35]recycled glass to prevent pollution from the glass-making process.
Water is the most problematic element to be considered in construction. It is imperative that construction elements such as the insulation are fitted into the building in dry weather to prevent it from getting wet. This makes winter an undesirable season for construction as the heavy [36]rainfall can have adverse effects on the building. Another climate type that has an enormous affect on buildings is humidity. Constructions made of steel and stone are largely unaffected by humidity, however, it can have a serious effect on [37]wooden constructions if the timber has not been correctly treated. Moisture from the air can condense in the grain of the wood, which then swells and shrinks in proportion to the magnitude of change in its moisture content. This variation in size can have disastrous consequences.
In areas of the world that are prone to earthquakes, certain design and environmental conditions are preferable for protecting buildings in the event of a tremor. Engineers have come up with numerous building procedures to help minimise shaking in buildings. For example, tall buildings have height restrictions and counterweights and multi-storey buildings have reinforced floors and walls. Ground conditions are a cause for worry in many constructions as often the soil is of the wrong density to protect the foundations.
Luckily technology has now been developed that can help to minimise damage by earthquakes. Seismic sensors can give prior warning when an earthquake is about to happen so that preparations can be made to protect both the people and the buildings from harm. The [39]movement of building structures can now also be measured and monitored over time by architects. It has been expressed by architects within the design community that it would be valuable to be given special courses for designing buildings within earthquake zones. [40]Guidelines are also expected to be produced by the government in the near future that will give architects a universal checklist to follow.
That wraps up the lecture for today. Please remember that attendance is mandatory... [fade out]
选项
答案
rainfall
解析
冬天时会遇到的困难是“This makes winter an undesirable season for construction as the heavy rainfall can have adverse effects on the building”,结合题目,rainfall为所填内容。
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/TU8O777K
本试题收录于:
雅思听力题库雅思(IELTS)分类
0
雅思听力
雅思(IELTS)
相关试题推荐
Questions14-17Thetexthas7paragraphs(A-G).Whichparagraphdoeseachofthefollowingheadingsbestfit?*
Questions14-17Thetexthas7paragraphs(A-G).Whichparagraphdoeseachofthefollowingheadingsbestfit?*
Questions14-17Thetexthas7paragraphs(A-G).Whichparagraphdoeseachofthefollowingheadingsbestfit?Questions23-26
Questions1-4Thetexthas9paragraphs(A-I).Whichparagraphcontainseachofthefollowingpiecesofinformation?*
READINGPASSAGE1Youshouldspendabout20minutesonQuestions1-13,whicharebasedonReadingPassage1below.
Questions29-33ReadingPassage3hassevenparagraphsA-G.ChoosethemostsuitableheadingsforparagraphsC-Gfromthelisto
Questions29-33ReadingPassage3hassevenparagraphsA-G.ChoosethemostsuitableheadingsforparagraphsC-Gfromthelisto
Questions15-17ChoosetheappropriatelettersA-Dandwritetheminboxes15-17onyouranswersheet.*
Questions28-29Completethenotes,whichshowhowtheapproachestodefining’talent’havechanged.ChooseONEorTWOWORDSfro
随机试题
Abreakthrough(突破)intheprovisionofenergyfromthesunfortheEuropeanEconomicCommunity(EEC)couldbebroughtforwardb
2012年5月,某药厂生产的生脉注射液因热原要求不合格,导致了东北省境内出现了15例药品不良反应/不良事件聚集性报告,患者用药后的反应表现为寒战、头晕、发热、胸闷等,经省级食品药品险验所检验,该批药品热原项目不合格。下列关于热原性质的描述,错误的是(
在《出入境检验检疫机构实施检验检疫的进出境商品目录》中,“成套设备”对应的“检验检疫类别”为()。
甲、乙两厂生产同一种汽车,甲厂每月产量保持不变,乙厂每月产量翻番。已知第1个月甲、乙两厂共生产88辆汽车,第2个月甲、乙两厂共生产96辆汽车。那么乙厂每月产量第一次超过甲厂是在第()个月。
公立医院属于
【F1】Ican’thelpwonderingwhatCharlesDarwinwouldthinkifhecouldsurveythestateofhisintellectualachievementtoday.2
某公司网络结构如图3-9所示,通过在路由器上配置访问控制列表ACL来提高内部网络和Web服务器的安全。(2011年下半年下午试题四)补充完成下面的ACL语句,禁止内网用户192.168.1.254访问公司Web服务器和外网。Router(c
Employee的表结构为:职工号、单位号、工资,查询单位号为"002"的所有记录存储于临时表文件info中,正确的SQL命令是
Theoldwomanistoo______aboutotherpeople’sbusiness.
TheMinistryofEducationhasurgedteachersacrossthecountrytoavoidacceptinggiftsfromstudentsortheirparentsontheo
最新回复
(
0
)