首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
外语
The energy contained in rock within the earth’s crust represents a nearly unlimited energy source, but until recently commercial
The energy contained in rock within the earth’s crust represents a nearly unlimited energy source, but until recently commercial
admin
2014-02-22
97
问题
The energy contained in rock within the earth’s crust represents a nearly unlimited energy source, but until recently commercial retrieval has been limited to underground hot water and/or steam recovery systems. These systems have been developed in areas of recent volcanic activity, where high rates of heat flow cause visible eruption of water in the form of geysers and hot springs. In other areas, however, hot rock also exists near the surface but there is insufficient water present to produce eruptive phenomena. Thus a potential hot dry rock(HDR)reservoir exists whenever the amount of spontaneously produced geothermal fluid has been judged inadequate for existing commercial systems.
As a result of recent energy crisis, new concepts for creating HDR recovery systems — which involve drilling holes and connecting them to artificial reservoirs placed deep within the crust — are being developed. In all attempts to retrieve energy from HDRs, artificial stimulation will be required to create either sufficient permeability or bounded flow paths to facilitate the removal of heat by circulation of a fluid over the surface of the rock.
The HDR resource base is generally defined to include crustal rock that is hotter than 150°C, is at depths less than ten kilometers, and can be drilled with presently available equipment. Although wells deeper than ten kilometers are technically feasible, prevailing economic factors will obviously determine the commercial feasibility of wells at such depths. Rock temperatures as low as 100°C may be useful for space heating; however, for producing electricity, temperatures greater than 200 °C are desirable. The geothermal gradient, which specifically determines the depth of drilling required to reach a desired temperature, is a major factor in the recoverability of geothermal resources. Temperature gradient maps generated from oil and gas well temperature-depth records kept by the American Association of Petroleum Geologists suggest that tappable high-temperature gradients are distributed all across the United States.(There are many areas, however, for which no temperature gradient records exist.)
Indications are that the HDR resource base is very large.If an average geothermal temperature gradient of 22 °C per kilometer of depth is used, a staggering 13,000,000 quadrillion B.T.U. ’s of total energy are calculated to be contained in crustal rock to a ten-kilometer depth in the United States. If we conservatively estimate that only about 0.2 percent is recoverable, we find a total of all the coal remaining in the United States. The remaining problem is to balance the economics of deeper, hotter, more costly wells and shallower, cooler, less expensive wells against the value of the final product, electricity and/or heat.
According the passage, an average geothermal gradient of 22 °C per kilometer of depth can be used to______.
选项
A、balance the economics of HDR energy retrieval against that of underground hot water or steam recovery systems
B、determine the amount of energy that will be used for space heating in the United States
C、provide comparisons between hot water and HDR energy sources in United States
D、estimate the total HDR resource base in the United States
答案
D
解析
本题为细节题。根据文中最后一段第一和第二句话“Indications are that the HDRresource base is very large.If an average geothermal temperature gradient of 22℃ per kilometer ofdepth is used,a staggering 13,000,000 quadrillion B.T.U.’s of total energy are calculated to becontained in crustal rock to a ten-kilometer depth in the United States.”可知,HDR的能源库非常之大。如果利用每深度公里的地热梯度平均为22℃,可以计算美国1万公里深度的地壳岩石中所包含的总能源。D选项“估算美国HDR能源库”符合原文意思,因此D项正确。
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/TXQO777K
0
考博英语
相关试题推荐
Theperiodofadolescence,i.e,theperiodbetweenchildhoodandadulthood,maybelongorshort,dependingonsocialexpectation
Thepoliceinspector,havingreceivednewinformationfromaconfidentialsource,decidedtoenlargethe______ofhisenquiry.
AlthoughforthepurposeofthisarticleEnglishliteratureistreatedasbeingconfinedtowritingsinEnglishbynativesorin
Hewasconcernedonlywithmundanematters,especiallythedailystockmarketquotations.
Anofficeisthe"brain"ofabusiness.Inanoffice,figures,listsandinformationarecompiledwhichtellthemanagersorhe
Faces,likefingerprints,areunique.Didyou【C1】______wonderhowitispossibleforusto【C2】______people?Evenaskilledwrite
Faces,likefingerprints,areunique.Didyou【C1】______wonderhowitispossibleforusto【C2】______people?Evenaskilledwrite
Atmanycolleges,smokersarebeingrunnotjustoutofschoolbuildingsbutoffthepremises.OnNov.19,theUniversityofKen
AnOhioStateUniversitystudyhaslinkedbehaviorinyoungchildren【1】thetypeofjobtheirmotherhas.Motherswithcomplexoc
AnOhioStateUniversitystudyhaslinkedbehaviorinyoungchildren【1】thetypeofjobtheirmotherhas.Motherswithcomplexoc
随机试题
A.回盲部B.盲肠和升结肠C.末端回肠D.乙状结肠和直肠细菌性痢疾的好发部位是
患者,女性,50岁。胃癌术后静脉给予长春新碱治疗,对其护理措施错误的是
该柱的高厚比为下列______项数值?该柱的配筋As=As’接近下列______个数据?
下列各项物权中,不属于他物权的是()。
根据刑事诉讼法律制度中证据裁判原则的规定,应当运用证据证明的案件事实包括()。
在Word中,可以显示出页眉和页脚的视图是()。
偶然性在事物发展中居于从属地位,它()。
一位投资者以5元的价格买入A公司的股票,持有3个月后,以5.5元的价格出售,在持有期间A公司派发了0.15元每股的红利。那么该投资者的投资收益率是()。
A、Shehastwocarsavailable.B、Sheneedssomemoneytobuygas.C、Sheisnotimpressedbythecar.D、Sheisunwillingtolendh
TheFearofGettingTogether1.现在不少年轻人害怕跟老同学聚会,成了“恐聚族”2.产生这种现象的原因和后果3.为了改变这种状况,我认为……
最新回复
(
0
)