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  3. Research on friendship has established a number of facts, some interesting, even useful. Did you know that the average student h

Research on friendship has established a number of facts, some interesting, even useful. Did you know that the average student h

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问题     Research on friendship has established a number of facts, some interesting, even useful. Did you know that the average student has 5 to 6 friends, or that a friend who was previously an enemy is liked more than one who has always been on the right side? Would you believe that physically attractive individuals are preferred as friends to those less comely, and is it fair that physically attractive defendants are less likely to be found guilty in court? Unfortunately, such titbits don’t tell us much more about the nature or the purpose of friendship.
    In fact, studies of friendship seem to implicate more complex factors. For example, one function friendship seems to fulfill is that it supports the image we have of ourselves, and confirms the value of the attitudes we hold. Certainly we appear to project ourselves onto our friends; several studies have shown that we judge them to be more like us than they objectively are. This suggests that we ought to choose friends who are similar to us rather than those who would be complementary. In our experiment, some developing friendships were monitored amongst first-year students living in the same hostel. It was found that similarity of attitudes (towards politics, religion and ethics, pastimes and aesthetics) was a good predictor of what friendships would be established by the end of four months, though it has less to do with initial alliances — not surprisingly, since attitudes may not be obvious on first inspection.
    There have also been studies of pairings, both voluntary (married couples) and forced (student roommates), to see which remained together and which split up. Again, the evidence seems to favor similarity rather than complementarity as an omen of successful relationship, though there is a complication: where marriage is concerned, once the field is narrowed down to potential mates Who come from similar backgrounds and share a broad range of attitudes and values, a degree of complementarity seems to become desirable. When a couple is not just similar but almost identical, something else seems to be needed. Similarity can breed contempt; it has also been found that when we find others obnoxious, we dislike them more if they are like us than when they are dissimilar.
    The difficulty of linking friendship with similarity of personality probably reflects the complexity of our personalities: we have many facets and therefore require a disparate group of friends to support us. This of course can explain why we may have two close friends who have little in common, and indeed dislike each other. By and large, though, it looks as though we would do well to choose friends (and spouses) who resemble us. If this were not so, computer dating agencies would have gone out of business years ago.
Studies of marriage relationships indicate that______.
选项 A、opposites get on better than similar personalities
B、the same basis for successful marriage applies for ordinary friendships
C、it is first of all necessary to limit prospective partners to people from similar backgrounds
D、the most successful are those between people who are alike but not exactly the same
答案D
解析 由第三段第二句提到的“证据似乎更青睐把相似性而不是互补性作为成功关系的征兆”和第三句提到的“当一对夫妇不仅仅是相似而是基本相同时，似乎需要一些其他的东西”可知，相似性在成功的婚姻关系中起着重要的作用，但完全雷同则会带来问题，故答案为[D]。[A]与原文意思相反，故排除；[B]在文中未提及，故排除；文中提到potential mates who come from similar backgrounds(有相似背景的潜在配偶)，但并不能代表要将配偶的选择范围限定在背景相同的人中，故排除[C]。
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