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  3. For anyone who has experienced an earthquake, the experience can be frightening and traumatic. In addition to the movement of th

For anyone who has experienced an earthquake, the experience can be frightening and traumatic. In addition to the movement of th

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问题     For anyone who has experienced an earthquake, the experience can be frightening and traumatic. In addition to the movement of the ground, people need to be concerned with collapsing buildings and falling debris, such as flying glass. The majority of the injuries and deaths that occur from the earthquakes are due to falling objects and structures. The effect of an earthquake can also cause dangerous landslides, fires, gas leak and explosions and floodwaters from collapsing dams. The goal of seismologists is to understand why the earthquake and other seismic activities on the Earth. This information, when shared with people in earthquake-prone areas, can help decrease the number of deaths and injuries that may occur.
    One of the most destructive effects of an earthquake is the tsunami. Tsunamis, giant ocean waves, form after an earthquake has occurred on the ocean floor. If the tsunami crashes into land, it may cause destruction. The difficulty with protecting people from tsunamis is that they may come without warning and at an extremely high speed. Once undersea earthquakes occur, the ocean floor rises and sinks. This is when tsunamis may begin to form. Along with this shifting of the ocean floor, there is also a large mass of seawater that may drop or rise. To adjust the sudden change in sea level, the mass of water moves upward and downward. As it is moving, a series of long, low waves begin to move from the point of the epicenter outward. These waves will increase in height as they come closer to the shore. Underwater landslides caused by earthquakes may also form tsunamis.
    On land, the focus of an earthquake’s destruction is usually buildings and property. Most of the buildings today are built using strict building codes. These codes require that the buildings can withstand the swaying motion of the ground during an earthquake. However, there’re buildings with weak walls that can collapse completely during a quake. Extremely tall buildings, like skyscrapers, may sway so violently that they may tip over and cause damage to lower structures nearby. One factor that affects the intensity of an earthquake is the local geology. The type of land that beneath the buildings can determine the way the buildings respond to an earthquake. Buildings on the solid ground are more likely to withstand an earthquake than buildings that are constructed on the loose soil and rock. Likely soil and rock vibrate as if they were jelly. When buildings are constructed on this type of land, they tend to have an exaggerated motion and to sway violently.
The word "seismologists" (Line 6, Paragraph 1) refers to ______.
选项 A、experts who are interested in buildings
B、people who act as rescuers when earthquakes occur
C、people who have the ability to predict tsunamis
D、experts who study earthquakes and related phenomena
答案D
解析 本题考查事实细节。通过对文章第1段倒数第2句的理解“地震学家的目标是要了解为什么地震和地球上其他地震活动”可知D选项符合题意，因此，本题选D。
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