2. 外语
  3. You may have heard that Coca-Cola once contained an ingredient capable of sparking particular devotion in consumers: cocaine. Th

You may have heard that Coca-Cola once contained an ingredient capable of sparking particular devotion in consumers: cocaine. Th

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问题    You may have heard that Coca-Cola once contained an ingredient capable of sparking particular devotion in consumers: cocaine. The "Coca" in the name referred to the extracts of coca leaf that the drink’ s originator, chemist John Pemberton, mixed with his sugary syrup (浆汁). At the time, coca leaf extract mixed with wine was a common tonic (滋补品), and Pemberton’ s sweet brew was a way to get around local laws prohibiting the sale of alcohol. But the other half of the name presents another ingredient, less infamous (名声不好的), perhaps, but also strangely potent: the kola nut.
   In West Africa, people have long chewed kola nuts as stimulants, because they contain caffeine that also occurs naturally in tea, coffee, and chocolate. They also have heart stimulants.
   Historian Paul Lovejoy relates that the cultivation of kola nuts in West Africa is hundreds of years old. The leafy, spreading trees were planted on graves and as part of traditional rituals. Even though the nuts, which need to stay moist, can be somewhat delicate to transport, traders carried them hundreds of miles throughout the forests and grasslands.
   Europeans did not know of them until the 1500s, when Portuguese ships arrived on the coast of what is now Sierra Leone. And while the Portuguese took part in the trade, ferrying nuts down the coast along with other goods, by 1620, when English explorer Richard Jobson made his way up the Gambia, the nuts were still peculiar to his eyes.
   By the late 19th century, kola nuts were being shipped by the tonne to Europe and the US. Many made their way into medicines, intended as a kind of energy boost. One such popular medicinal drink was Vin Mariani, a French product consisting of coca extract mixed with red wine. It was created by a French chemist, Angelo Mariani, in 1863. So when Pemberton created his drink, it represented an ongoing trend. When cocaine eventually fell from grace as a beverage ingredient, kola-extract colas became popular.
   The first year it was available, Coca-Cola averaged nine servings a day across all the Atlanta soda fountains where it was sold. As it grew more popular, the company sold rights to bottle the soda, so it could travel easily. Today about 1.9 billion Cokes are purchased daily. It’s become so iconic that attempts to change its taste in 1985—sweetening it in a move projected to boost sales—proved disastrous, with widespread anger from consumers. "Coca-Cola Classic" returned to store shelves just three months after the "New Coke" was released.
   These days, the Coca-Cola recipe is a closely guarded secret. But it’s said to no longer contain kola nut extract, relying instead on artificial imitations to achieve the flavour.
What do we learn about chemist John Pemberton?
选项 A、He used a strangely potent ingredient in a food supplement.
B、He created a drink containing alcohol without breaking law.
C、He became notorious because of the coca drink he developed.
D、He risked breaking local law to make a drink with coca leaves.
答案D
解析 细节题。根据题干关键词John Pemberton可定位到第一段第二、三句The“Coca”in the name referred to the extracts of coca leaf that the drink’s originator，chemist John Pemberton，mixed with his sugary syrup(浆汁)．At the time，coca leaf extract mixed with wine was a common tonic(滋补品)，and Pemberton’s sweet brew was a way to get around local laws prohibiting the sale of alcohol．故D项“他冒着违反当地法律的风险用古柯叶叶子萃取物制作饮品”符合题意。A、B两项在原文中并未提及，故排除。C项“他因发明可乐饮品而声名狼藉”偷换概念，原文指的可口可乐的成分可乐果的名声不好，故排除。
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