首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
外语
Scientists already knew that bilingual young adults and children perform better on tasks dictated by the brain’s executive contr
Scientists already knew that bilingual young adults and children perform better on tasks dictated by the brain’s executive contr
admin
2016-03-10
88
问题
Scientists already knew that bilingual young adults and children perform better on tasks dictated by the brain’s executive control system. Located at the front of the brain, this system is "the basis for your ability to think in complex ways, control attention, and do everything we think of as uniquely human thought," said Ellen Bialystok, a psychologist at York University in Toronto, Canada.
Now studies are revealing that advantages of bilingualism persist into old age, even as the brain’s sharpness naturally declines, Bialystok said Friday at a meeting of the American Association for the Advancement of Science in Washington, D. C. Bialystok and colleagues examined 102 longtime bilingual and 109 monolingual Alzheimer’s patients who had the same level of mental acuity. About 24 million people have dementia(痴呆)worldwide, with the majority of them suffering from Alzheimer’s, according to Sweden’s Karolinska Institutet medical university.
The bilingual patients had been diagnosed with the Alzheimer’s about four years later than the monolingual patients, on average, according to Bialystok’s most recent study, published in November in the journal Neurology. This suggests bilingualism is "protecting older adults, even as Alzheimer’s is beginning to affect cognitive function," Bialystok said.
Bialystok is also studying physical differences between bilingual and monolingual brains. In a new experiment, she used CT scans to examine brains of monolinguals and bilinguals with dementia. All the subjects were the same age and functioned at the same cognitive level.
"The physical effects of the disease in the brain were found to be more advanced in the bilinguals’ brains, even though their mental ability was roughly the same," Bialystok told National Geographic News. Apparently, the bilinguals’ brains are somehow compensating, she said. "Even though the ’machine’ is more broken, they can function at the same level as a monolingual with less disease," she said.
"Benefits of bilingualism can begin in uterus(子宫)," Janet Werker, a psychologist at the University of British Columbia, Canada, told the news briefing. For instance, Werker and colleagues’ recent studies show that babies exposed to two languages in uterus do not confuse their languages from birth.
" The mental workout required to keep the languages separate may create an ’ enhanced perceptual vigilance(警觉)’ that has lifelong benefits," Werker said. "What I’d like to suggest is the kind of advantages you’ve heard about in aging can be established from those first days of life, in babies having to keep the two languages apart. "
Granted, people born into bilingualism have it a bit easier. "One of the things babies have is the luxury of time—they get the opportunity to really focus on task at hand," Werker said. " If we want to learn a second language, we need to set time aside to allow that to happen"—and evidence suggests the payoff is worth it.
Even if you don’t learn a second language until after middle age, it can still help stave off dementia, York’s Bialystok said. Being "bilingual is one way to keep your brain active—it’s part of the cognitive-reserve approach to brain fitness," Bialystok said. And when it comes to exercising the brain by learning another language, she added, "the more the better—and every little bit helps. "
Bilingualism helps older adults to______.
选项
A、stay away from Alzheimer’s
B、retain cognitive abilities
C、delay aging process
D、improve mental acuity
答案
B
解析
细节题。由题干中的bilingualism和older adults定位至第三段第二句,该句指出,双语正在保护老年人,即使是在老年痴呆症已经开始影响和损害他们的认知功能的时候,换句话说,双语(bilingualism)能帮助老年人保持认知功能,即retain cognitive abilities。此外,第二段首句提到,advantages of bilingualism persist into old age,even as the brain’s sharpness naturally declines,这也很好地证实了这一观点,因此[B]为答案。
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/Tb7O777K
0
专业英语八级
相关试题推荐
Despitethefactthattodayvirusesareknowntocausecancerinanimalsandincertainplants,whereexistsagreatreluctance
HowtoWriteaThesisI.Introductionpart—writingthe【B1】afterfinishingtherest【B1】______—includingahookatthebegin
Asweknow,theChinesemainlandadoptsthesimplifiedChinesecharactersystem,whileTaiwan,HongKongandMacaostillusethe
Inourtimeitisbroadlytruethatpoliticalwritingisbadwriting.Whereitisnottrue,itwillgenerallybefoundthatthe
Accordingtotheinterviewee,whatistheproblemofthepresentscienceeducation?
NowadaysvisitstoprestigiousuniversitieslikePekingUniversityaregainingpopularity.Alargenumberofpeoplebelievesuch
______referstothelanguagesystemofanindividualasexpressedbythewayheorshespeaksorwriteswithintheoverallsyste
Speakingtwolanguagesratherthanjustonehasobviouspracticalbenefitsinanincreasinglyglobalizedworld.Beingbilingua
JohnCabot,thepersonwhofirstdiscoveredCanadain1497wasa(n)______explorer.
随机试题
尺寸链中封闭环()等于各组成环公差之和。
在Excel中运算符的运算次序最高的是__________。
下列对于真菌性角膜溃疡最有诊断价值的是
根据我国《民事诉讼法》及相关司法解释的规定,在涉外民事诉讼中,外国当事人可以委托下列哪些人作为其诉讼代理人?
某企业为了提高产品质量和管理水平,在现代企业制度建设的过程中,提出“依靠质量取胜”经营理念,建立以质量管理八项基本原则为指导的质量管理体系。该公司若按2000版ISO9000定义来理解质量管理时,应注意质量管理作为在质量方面指挥和控制组织的协调的活动
被誉为岁寒三友的是()
男性常见的性功能障碍有()。
素数是指只含有两个因子的自然数(即只能被自身和1整除)。孪生素数,是指两个相差为2的素数。比如,3和5,17和19等。所谓的孪生素数猜想,是南希腊数学家欧几里得提出的,意思是存在着无穷对孪生素数。该论题一直末得到证明。近期,美国一位华人讲师的最新研究表明,
将2万本书籍分给某希望小学9个班的学生。在9个班中,其中1个班有学生32人,其余8个班人数相同且在40到50人之间。如每名学生分到的书本数相同,问每人分到了多少本书?
简述多媒体课件的优势。如何利用Authorware进行文本设置?
最新回复
(
0
)