2. 考研
  3. Culture is the sum total of all the traditions, customs, beliefs, and ways of life of a given group of human beings. In this sen

Culture is the sum total of all the traditions, customs, beliefs, and ways of life of a given group of human beings. In this sen

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问题     Culture is the sum total of all the traditions, customs, beliefs, and ways of life of a given group of human beings. In this sense, every group has a culture, however savage, undeveloped, or uncivilized it may seem to us.
    To the professional anthropologist, there is no intrinsic superiority of one culture over another, just as to the professional linguist there is no intrinsic hierarchy among languages.
    People once thought of the languages of backward group as savage, undeveloped forms of speech, consisting largely of grunts and groans. While it is possible that languages in general began as a series of grunts and groans. It is a fact established by the study of "backward" languages that no spoken tongue answers that description today. Most languages of uncivilized groups are, by our most severe standards, extremely complex, delicate, and ingenious pieces of machinery for the transfer of ideas. They fall behind our Western languages not in their sound patterns or grammatical structures, which usually are fully adequate for all language needs, but only in their vocabularies, which reflect the objects and activities known to their speakers. Even in this department, however, two things are to be noted: 1. All languages seem to possess the machinery for vocabulary expansion, whether by putting together words already in existence or by borrowing them from other languages and adapting them to their own systems. 2. The objects and activities requiring names and distinctions for "backward" languages, while different from ours, are often surprisingly numerous and complicated. A Western language distinguishes between what is close to the speaker, or to the person addressed, or removed from both, or out of sight, or in the past, or in the future.
    This study of language, in turn, casts a new light upon the claim of the anthropologists that all cultures are to be viewed independently, and without ideas of rank or hierarchy.
选项 A、definition of culture
B、feeling about human beings
C、bias in regard to civilized humans
D、philosophy
答案A
解析 在第一段，作者首先给出了一个他(她)给文化下的定义，即文化是某一特定团体的人的所有传统、习俗、信仰和生活方式的总结。根据这个定义可以推知，不管哪个群体，不管其发展程度如何，都有其自身的文化。因此这个结论是建立在段首那个关于文化的定义基础上的。
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