2. 财经
  3. We all know that the normal human daily cycle of activity is of some 7-8 hours’sleep alternation with some 16—17 hours’wakefulne

We all know that the normal human daily cycle of activity is of some 7-8 hours’sleep alternation with some 16—17 hours’wakefulne

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问题 We all know that the normal human daily cycle of activity is of some 7-8 hours’sleep alternation with some 16—17 hours’wakefulness and that，broadly speaking，the sleep normally coincides with the hours of darkness．Our present concern is with how easily and to what extent this cycle can be modified． The question is no mere academic one．The ease，for example，with which people can  change from working in the day to working at night is a question of growing importance in in—dustry where automation calls for round—the—clock working of machines．It normally takes from five days to one week for a person to adapt to a reversed routine of sleep and wakefulness，  sleeping during the day and working at night．Unfortunately，it is often the case in industry  that shifts are changed every week；a person may work from 12：00 midnight to 8：00 a．m．one  week，8：00 a．m．to 4：00 P．m．the next，and 4：OOp．m．to 12：00 midnight the third and so on．
  This means that no sooner has he got used to one routine than he has to change to another，so  that much of his time is spent neither working nor sleeping very efficiently． The only real solution appears to be to hand over the night shift to a number of Dermanent  night workers．An interesting study of the domestic life and health of night—shift workers was  carried out by Brown in 1957．
She found a high incidence of disturbed sleep and other disorders  among those on alternating day and night shifts，but no abnormal occurrence of these phenomena among those on permanent night work．
This latter system then appears to be the best long—term policy，but meanwhile something  may be done to relieve the strains of alternate day and night work by selecting those people  who can adapt most quickly to the changes of routine．
One way of knowing when a person has  adapted is by measuring his body temperature．People engaged in normal daytime work will  have a high temperature during the hours of wakefulness and a low one at night；when thev  change to night work，the pattern will only gradually go back to match the new routine and  the speed with which it does so parallels，broadly speaking，the adaptation of the body as a  whole，particularly in terms of performance．Therefore，by taking body temperature at interyals of two hours throughout the period of wakefulness it can be seen how quicklv a Person  can adapt to a reversed routine，and this could be used as a basis for selection．So far。however，such a form of selection does not seem to have been applied in practice．
The main problem of the round—the—clock working system lies in
选项 A、the disturbance of the daily cycle of workers who have to change shifts too frequently
B、the inconveniences brought about to the workers by the introduction of automation
C、the fact that people working at night are often less effective
D、the fact that it is difficult to find a number of good night workers
答案B
解析 推理引申题。第二段中提到人适应新习惯需要五天到一个礼拜的时间，但事实是工人的正常生活节奏经常处于被扰乱的状态，使工作和睡眠效率不佳。所以答案为B。
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