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  3. Look at the statements below and at the five extracts from an article about characteristics and traits of effective leaders. Whi

Look at the statements below and at the five extracts from an article about characteristics and traits of effective leaders. Whi

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问题 Look at the statements below and at the five extracts from an article about characteristics and traits of effective leaders.
Which article(A, B, C. D or E)does each statement 1—8 refer to?
For each statement 1—8, mark one letter(A, B, C, D or E)on your Answer Sheet.
You will need to use some of these letters more than once.
There is an example at the beginning, (0).

A
Effective leaders are noted for the effort they invest in achieving work goals and the passion they have for work and work associates. Drive refers to such behaviors as ambitions, energy, tenacity, and initiative. Drive also includes achievement motivation - finding joy in accomplishment for its own sake. High achievers find satisfaction in competing challenging tasks, attaining high standards, and developing better ways of doing things. Effective leaders are also passionate about their work. Ken Greene, a highly successful franchise operator of Bruegger Bagel Bakery stores, noted, "We love the business and have been very successful." In contrast, Quality Dining, another major Bruegger franchiser, decided to get out of the business, said Greene, because "they had a very difficult time getting their arms around the emotions and passion of the business."
B
Power motivation is a strong desire to control others or get them to do things on your behalf. A leader with a strong power needs enjoy exercising power and using influence tactics. Only a manager who uses power constructively could be promoted rapidly in a modern, well-managed corporation. Bill Gates of Microsoft exemplifies a power-obsessed leader. Although he’s already the richest person in the world and his company dominates its field, he attempts aggressively to either take business away from small competitors or buy them out. His obsession with market domination has contributed to his company’s facing charges of unfair competition.
C
Continuing waves of downsizings, coupled with generous compensation boosts to executives, have eroded employee trust and commitment in many organizations. Effective leaders know they must build strong employee trust to attain high productivity and commitment. A panel of academics and other experts identified trust as one of the essential attributes of leadership for present and future. Leaders must be trustworthy, and they must also trust group members. A major strategy for being perceived as trustworthy is to make your behavior consistent with your intentions. Practice what you preach and set the example. Let others know of your intentions and invite feedback on how well you are achieving them.
D
An inescapable conclusion is that effective leaders are good problem solvers and knowledgeable about the business or technology for which they are responsible. A leadership theory based on the problem-solving ability of leaders notes that intelligent and competent leaders make more effective plans, decisions, and action strategies than do leaders with less intelligence and competence. Similarly, an explanation of leadership developed by author Dale Zand indicates that the leader’s skills of obtaining, using, and sharing useful knowledge are crucial to success in the Information Age.
E
The effective use of humor is now regarded as an important part of a leader’s job. In the workplace, humor relieves tension and boredom and defuses hostility. Because humor helps a leader dissolve tension and defuse conflict, it can help him or her exert power over the group. Claudia Kennedy is a three-star Army general and the Army’s senior intelligence official, thereby occupying a key leadership position. During an interview for a magazine article, she mentioned that although she had no regrets, her demanding career had not allowed for having a husband and children. The reporter commented, "You could still get married." Kennedy retorted, "Well certainly - put my phone number in this article."
Most effective leaders are alike in one essential way: they have good problem-solving ability and technical skills.
选项
答案D
解析
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