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  3. Not too many decades ago, it seemed "obvious" both to the general public and to sociologists that modern society has changed peo

Not too many decades ago, it seemed "obvious" both to the general public and to sociologists that modern society has changed peo

admin2022-07-29  93
问题     Not too many decades ago, it seemed "obvious" both to the general public and to sociologists that modern society has changed people’s natural relations, loosened their responsibilities to kin and neighbors, and substituted in their place superficial relationships with passing acquaintances.
    However, in recent years a growing body of research has revealed that the "obvious" is not true. It seems that if you are a city resident, you typically know a smaller proportion of your neighbors than you do if you are a resident of a smaller community. But, for the most part, this fact has few significant consequences. It does not necessarily follow that if you know few of your neighbors you will know no one else. Even in very large cities, people maintain close social ties within small, private social worlds.
    Indeed, the number and quality of meaningful relationships do not differ between small-town and big-city residents. Small-town residents are more involved with kin than are big-city residents, yet city dwellers compensate by developing friendships with people who share similar interests and activities.
    Urbanism may produce a different style of life, but the quality of life does not differ between town and city. Nor are residents of large communities any likelier to display psychological symptoms of stress or alienation, a feeling of not belonging, than are residents of smaller communities. However, city dwellers do worry more about crime, and this leads them to a distrust of strangers. These findings do not imply that urbanism makes little or no difference. If neighbors are strangers to one another, they are less likely to sweep the sidewalk of an elderly couple living next door or keep an eye out for young troublemakers.
    Moreover, as Wirth suggested, there may be a link between a community’s population size and its social heterogeneity. For instance, sociologists have found much evidence that the size of a community is associated with bad behavior including gambling, drugs, etc. Large-city people are also more likely than their small-town counterparts to have a multinational outlook, to display less responsibility to traditional kinship roles, to vote for leftist political candidates, and to be tolerant of nontraditional religious groups, unpopular political groups, and so-called undesirables. Everything considered, heterogeneity and unusual behavior seem to be outcomes of large population size.
It can be inferred from the text that the bigger a community is,________.
选项 A、the more similar its interests are
B、the more tolerant it is
C、the better its quality of life is
D、the likelier it is to display psychological symptoms of stress
答案B
解析 本题关键词是community，问题是：社区越大越会有什么特点?定位于第五段。原文第五段第三句提到，相对于小镇居民而言，大城市的居民(Large—city people)更显得见多识广(have a multinational outlook)……更有可能投票选举左翼政党候选人(vote for leftist political candidates)，也更能容忍非传统的宗教团体、不得人心的政团组织或所谓的讨人嫌者 (tolerant of nontraditional religious groups，unpopular political groups，and so—called undesirables)，这说明大城市居民的思想更为开放、更具包容性，因此选项B与原文属于相同含义，为正确选项。原文第三段第二句提到，城里人通过结交志趣相投(share similar interests and activities)的朋友弥补了这个缺憾，但这不是说社区越大，兴趣就越相似，选项A属于曲解文意。原文第四段第二句提到，大社区的居民也不见得就比小社区的居民更容易出现紧张或陌生感(没有归属感)等心理症状 (psychological symptoms of stress)，因此选项D属于正反混淆。原文第四段第一句提到，城市化可能会产生不同的生活方式，但是城镇之间的生活质量并无差别(the quality of life does not differ between town and city)”，因此生活质量与社区规模大小并无直接关联，所以选项C属于主观推导。第五段：城镇之间的多样性和行为举止差异是由人口规模造成的。
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