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  3. The more choices people have, the riskier the decisions they make, according to a new study which sheds light on how we behave w

The more choices people have, the riskier the decisions they make, according to a new study which sheds light on how we behave w

admin2022-08-28  48
问题     The more choices people have, the riskier the decisions they make, according to a new study which sheds light on how we behave when faced with large amounts of information.
    Researchers at the University of Warwick and the University of Lugano set up a gambling game in which they analysed how decision-making is affected when people are faced with a large number of potential gambles. They found that a bias in the way people gather information leads them to take more risks when they choose a gamble from a large set of options, a phenomenon which researchers have labelled "search-amplified risk". Dr. Thomas Hills of the Department of Psychology at the University of Warwick said, "The problem is with the information search strategies people use when faced with a large number of options."
    For the study, 64 participants took part in a game where they had to choose one box out of a varying number of boxes presented on a computer screen. Each box contained a different sum of money—for example £ 1 or £ 5—and each box had a certain probability of paying out—for example, 1 out of 10, 1 out of 3, or every time. Participants were able to "sample" each box by opening it as many times as they liked to determine the payout amount and to try to deduce the probability of a payout. Once they were satisfied with the information they had gathered, they committed to their final choice by choosing a single box. The game consisted of five turns, with either an increasing or decreasing number of boxes per turn.
    The researchers found that both the number of boxes per turn and whether the number of boxes was increasing or decreasing affected the quality of decision-making among the participants. With a higher number of boxes, people made a higher total number of samples. However, the increase in sampling was not in proportion to the increase in box numbers.
    These results show that with large choice sets, people gathered a broad range of information on the value of the potential sum they could win, so were aware that there were boxes with higher payout values. However they were not delving (探究) deeply into that information, which in this context meant they were not fully investigating the probability of the payout of the higher-value boxes. The researchers also found differences in decision-making between the "many-to-few group"—those who started with a large number of choices which were then decreased—and the "few-to-many group" where the order was reversed. The study showed that people who started with smaller choice sets were more likely than the other group to gather more information across all choice set sizes.
What affected the quality of decision-making among the participants?
选项 A、The sum of money contained in each box and the probability of paying out.
B、The number of boxes per turn and the sum of money contained in each box.
C、The number of boxes per turn and the probability of paying out.
D、The number of boxes per turn and whether it was increasing or decreasing.
答案D
解析 细节题。根据题干中的affected the quality of decision-making among the participants定位到原文第四段第一句话。该句中提到，研究人员发现，每轮盒子的数量以及盒子数量递增或递减都会影响参与者做出选择的质量。由此可知，四个选项中只有D项表述符合原文，故选D。
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