2. 外语
  3. Do women tend to devalue(贬低)the worth of their work? Do they apply different standards to rewarding their own work more critical

Do women tend to devalue(贬低)the worth of their work? Do they apply different standards to rewarding their own work more critical

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问题     Do women tend to devalue(贬低)the worth of their work? Do they apply different standards to rewarding their own work more critically than they do to rewarding the work of others? These were the questions asked by Michigan State University psychologists Lawrence Messe and Charlene Callahan-Levy. Past experiments had shown that when women were asked to decide how much to pay themselves and other people for the same job, they paid themselves less. Following up on this finding, Messe and Callahan-Levy designed experiments to lest several popular explanations of why women tend to get less in pay situations.
    One theory the psychologists tested was that women judge their own work more harshly than that of others. The subjects for the experiment testing this theory were men and women from the Michigan State undergraduate student body. The job the subjects were asked to perform for pay was an opinion questionnaire(调查表)requiring a number of short essays on campus-related issues. After completing the questionnaire, some subjects were given six dollars in bills and change and were asked to decide payment for themselves. Others were given the same amount and were asked to decide payment for another subject who had also completed the questionnaire.
    The psychologists found that, as in earlier experiments, the women paid themselves less than the men paid themselves. They also found that the women paid themselves less than they paid other women and less than the men paid the women. The differences were substantial. The average paid to women by themselves was $2.97. The average paid to men by themselves was $4.06. The average paid to women by others was $ 4.37. In spite of the differences, the psychologists found that the men and the women in the experiment evaluated their own performances on the questionnaire about equally and better than the expected performances of others.
    On the basis of these findings, Messe and Callahan Levy concluded that women’s attachment of a comparatively low monetary value to their work cannot be based entirely on their judgment of their own ability.
Which of the following statements is supported by the facts stated in the passage?
选项 A、Men tend to pay themselves more than they pay other men for the same work.
B、Women tend to pay men more than they pay other women for the same work.
C、Men tend to pay women less than they pay other men for the same work.
D、None of the above.
答案D
解析 本题为深层推理题，提问的是下列哪项表述在文中有事实依据。根据第三段第二句“Theyalso found that the women paid themselves less than they paid other women and lessthan the men paid the women”，心理学家们发现女性给自己的薪水比给其他女性的薪水低，也低于男性给予女性的薪水，因此，可排除选项B)。选项A)和选项C)在文中均未提到，所以答案为D)。
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