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  3. Why is it that most of us can remember our precise surroundings the moment that we first learned of John Fitzgerald Kennedy’s as

Why is it that most of us can remember our precise surroundings the moment that we first learned of John Fitzgerald Kennedy’s as

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问题     Why is it that most of us can remember our precise surroundings the moment that we first learned of John Fitzgerald Kennedy’s assassination, the Challenger explosion or the fall of the Twin Towers, but not say, what grocery aisle we were standing in when the phone call came to remind us to pick up milk? What is it about the timing—or more specifically, the coincidence with intense experience—that seals in visual memories more effectively? That’s the question that a new study from psychologists at the University of Washington set out to answer.
    The study, published online recently in the open-access journal PLoS Biology included a series of four experiments. In each experiment, which included distinct participants, Jeffrey Y. Lin and colleagues showed study subjects 16 photographs depicting familiar landscapes. The first time, participants merely looked at the images; the second time, they were also asked to focus on a number shown in the middle of the image; the third time, they also had to make note of an auditory cue as they looked at the images; and finally, they were shown images with a number in the middle, but told to ignore the number and focus only on the scene depicted.
    Researchers found that, when shown an image later and asked to recall if it had been among those they’d already seen, subjects’ memory formation was consistently best when they had also been trying to concentrate on another task in both the second and third experiments, which involved viewing numbers or hearing audio tones while the images were presented, subjects formed clearer memories than in the first experiment—when they were simply instructed to look at the photos—and than in the fourth experiment—when they were shown numbers in the center of photos, but told to ignore them and focus on the images themselves.
    The findings suggest that it isn’t the novelty of what we’re seeing, but the experience that we are having while we look at something, that determines how well we store it away in our memories. Or, as the authors phrase it, the study results provide "evidence of a mechanism where traces of a visual scene are automatically encoded into memory at behaviorally relevant points in time regardless of the spatial focus of attention." When it comes to making memories, timing is of the essence.
It is implied in Paragraph 4 that how well the memory is stored depends on ________.
选项 A、timing of the thing
B、the level of newness of the thing
C、the related experience to the thing
D、the traces of the visual scene
答案A
解析 根据题干可直接定位到第四段。该段第一句说实验表明我们能否记住某事取决于看到某事时的经历(the experience that we are having)，最后一句则总结说“时机是非常重要的”，A项复现了末句的timing，也与第一句所述对应，故可确定A项为本题答案。B项所述与原文相反，第四段第一明确否定了事情新鲜感对记忆留存的作用，B项中的newness正好与原文中的novel~了同义，故可排除B项。C项看似与文中的the experience that we are having相似，但实际意思却不相同，原文的experience是指“同时经历的事情”，而C项是指“相关经验”，故C项也可排除。D项复现了第二句中的traces of a visual scene“视觉场景的痕迹”。但它与记忆存储的好坏无关。
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