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  3. Of the world’s 774m illiterate adults two-thirds are women, a share that has remained unchanged for the past two decades. But gi

Of the world’s 774m illiterate adults two-thirds are women, a share that has remained unchanged for the past two decades. But gi

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问题     Of the world’s 774m illiterate adults two-thirds are women, a share that has remained unchanged for the past two decades. But girls everywhere are beginning to catch up. Across the emerging world, 78% of them are now at primary school, an only slightly smaller proportion than boys (82%). At secondary level enrolment remains lower and girls are further behind, but things are getting better there too.
    The big surprise of the past few decades has been women’s huge advance into tertiary education. Across rich countries the share of those aged over 25 who have had some form of higher education is now 33% , against 28% of men in the same age group. Even in many developing regions they make up a majority of students in higher education.
    It is too soon to feel sorry for men. Although women now earn more first degrees, they mostly still get fewer PhDs, and if they stay on in academia they are promoted more slowly than men. Many of them are put off by the way the academic promotion system works, explains Lotte Bailyn, a professor at MIT Sloan School of Management. To get ahead, young hopefuls have to put in a huge amount of time and effort just when many women start to think about having a family, so they do not apply for senior posts. Ms Bailyn approvingly notes the recent decision by America’s National Science Foundation, which funds a big chunk of the universities’ basic research, to allow grant recipients to take a break.
    Crucially, women’s lead at first-degree level does not so far seem to have translated into better job opportunities. In a paper published earlier this year Ina Ganguli of Harvard’s Kennedy School of Government concluded that the achievement of educational parity is a "cheque in the mail" that may presage more women joining the labor force, but lots of other factors—such as cultural attitudes and the availability of child care—also play a part. On its own, educational parity—even superiority—is not enough.
    Women may not be helping themselves by concentrating heavily on subjects that set them apart from men. In rich countries they account for over 70% of degrees in humanities and health, whereas the vast majority of degrees in mathematics and engineering go to men. Women with humanities degrees are less likely to be in demand for jobs in high-tech industries, which tend to pay well. At postgraduate level the gap between subjects gets even bigger. And on MBA courses, the classic avenue to senior corporate jobs, women make up only about a third of the students.
    Such differences between males and females show up quite early in life, but not nearly big enough to explain the huge differences in the choice of subject at university level. The OECD’s PISA researchers conclude that the choices have little to do with ability and may well be influenced by ingrained stereotypes. That would help to explain why they vary so much from country to country. In Japan women are awarded only 11% of all degrees in engineering, manufacturing and construction; in Indonesia their share is exactly half.  
Which of the following statements is true according to the passage?
选项 A、The number of females having higher education in rich countries is larger than that in developing countries.
B、The number of women with doctor degrees is smaller than that of men.
C、The illiteracy rate of world population has remained unchanged for the past two decades.
D、In emerging countries, girls have almost equal access to elementary and secondary education as boys.
答案B
解析 文章当中出现了很多男女教育数据方面的比较，因此很容易出现判断题。本题四个选项集中对文章前三段的内容进行考查。[A]错误，文章第二段中指出，女性在接受高等教育方面取得了令人瞩目的成就。在发达国家，25岁左右的受过高等教育的女性人数占33％，而同一年龄段的男性这一比例仅为28％。即使是在许多发展中国家，接受高等教育的学生中女性也占到了大多数。因此说发达国家接受高等教育的女性数量超过发展中国家不正确。[B]正确，虽然文章指出在女性接受高等教育方面有了显著的进步，甚至有超越男性的趋势，但是取得博士学位的女性人数仍然低于男性(Although women now earn more first degrees，they mostly still get fewer PhDs)。[C]错误，文章第一段第一句话提到“Of the world’s 774m illiterate adults two—thirds are women．a share that has remained unchanged for the past two decades”。全世界的文盲人口中有三分之二是女性，这一比率在过去20年中基本没有改变，并不是说全世界的文盲率在过去20年中没有改变。[D]错误，文章第一段指出，在新兴国家，78％的女性都能够接受小学阶段的教育，这一比例仅略低于男性比例。而中学阶段的入学率数据显示受教育女性所占比例远低于男性。因此男女在小学和中学阶段的入学率仍有差异，而不是机会均等。
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